Eng-gí

Eng-gí sī 1 chióng Se Tek-gí-hē ê gí-giân, i ê goân-thâu tī Eng-kok. Eng-gí ê bó-gí jîn-kháu chhiau-kòe 4-ek (2002 nî sò·-kì). Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok kap āu--lâi Bí-kok tī kun-sū, keng-chè, kho-ha̍k, chèng-tī, bûn-hòa ê éng-hióng tì-sú Eng-gí chiâⁿ-chò sè-kài chú-iàu ê thong-hêng-gí chi it.

Kán-sú

Kóng Tek-gí-hē gí-giân ê Angle, Saxon, Jute téng-téng ê pō·-lo̍k tī Se-goân 500 nî chó-iū khai-sí si̍t-bîn Britain-tó. In chi-phoè pún-té í-keng tī England tē-khu ê Celtic-gí cho̍k-kûn. In ê hong-giân sī Eng-gí ê sian-chó·, āu--lâi chheng-hō· sī Kó· Eng-gí (Old English). Kó· Eng-gí oan-nā siū Kó· Norse (Old Norse) chit ê Tek-gí-hē hong-giân éng-hióng. Hiān-tāi ê hun-lūi jīn-ûi Kó· Eng-gí î-chhî kàu 1100 nî, Norman-lâng chhim-lio̍k Britain-tó liáu-āu bô joā kú. Beowulf sī Kó· Eng-gí ê tāi-piáu-chok.

Norman-lâng toà--lâi ê Kó· Hoat-gí (Old French) chhim-chhim éng-hióng Tiong Eng-gí (Middle English), iok-lio̍k tùi 1100 nî (Norman-lâng tī 1066 nî khai-sí thóng-tī) kàu 1500 nî (ìn-soat-ki hoat-bêng liáu-āu). Tiong Eng-gí sî-kî lâu--lo̍h-lâi siōng ū miâ-siaⁿ ê tù-chok sī Geoffrey Chaucer ê The Canterbury Tales. Chit toāⁿ sî-kî Eng-gí keng-koè Ūn-bó Toā Soá-ūi (Eng-gí: Great Vowel Shift) ê im-ta̍t piàn-chhian, liáu-āu chiâⁿ-chò Hiān-tāi Eng-gí (Modern English).

Hiān-tāi Eng-gí tùi William Shakespeare ê sî-tāi khai-sí hoat-tián. I ê gí-hoat, hoat-im chēng hit-chūn kàu taⁿ goân-chek-siōng bô kái-piàn, ke̍k-ke sû-lūi ū toā cheng-ka niā-niā. Ū-ê ha̍k-chiá khu-pia̍t chá-kî kap āu-kî (1800 nî) ê Hiān-tāi Eng-gí. 1800 nî liáu-āu, Britain Tè-kok chiàm-niá sè-kài toā pō·-hūn, siâng-sî ia̍h siū hia ê gí-giân éng-hióng.

Hun-lūi

Eng-gí sio̍k Ìn-tō·-Europa ka-cho̍k chi-hā ê Tek-gí-hē.

Eng-gí siōng chhin ê hiān-tāi chhin-chiâⁿ sī Scots kap Frysk. Koan-hē khah hn̄g--tām-po̍h-á ê gí-giân sī Kē Saxon-gí (tī Kē-tē-kok tang-pêng kap Tek-kok pak-pō·). Kî-thaⁿ ū koan-hē ê gí-giân ū Kē-tē-kok-gí, Afrikaans, Tek-gí, Pak Europa ê gí-giân. In-ūi Eng-gí tùi Norman-lâng ê Hoat-gí khip-siu chē-chē sû-lūi, bat Eng-gí ê lâng mā ē-tit liáu-kái chin chē Hoat-gí ê sû; phèng-im, ì-sù mā sio-oá he̍k-chiá kāng-khoán.

Siaⁿ-im

Ūn-bó

IPA	SAMPA	Jī
	[`i(:)`	bead
	[`I`	bid
	[`e(I)`	bayed
	[`E`	bed
	[`{`	bad
	[`Q`	bod ¹
	[`O(:)`	pawed ²
	[`o(U)`	bode
	[`U`	good
	[`u(:)`	booed
	[`V`	bud
	[3(`)(:)	bird ³
	[`aI`	buy
	[`aU`	bough
	[`OI`	boy
	[`@`	Rosa's ⁴
	[`1`	roses ⁵

Siaⁿ-bó

	siang-tûn	tûn-khí	khí-kan	chih-chiam	palato-alveolar	palatal	chih-kin	âu
sat-im	p [`p`] b [`b`]			t [`t`] d [`d`]			k [`k`] g [`g`]
phīⁿ-im	m [`m`]			n [`n`]			ŋ [`N`] ¹
flap				ɾ [`4`] ²
chhat-im		f [`f`] v [`v`]	θ [`T`] ð [`D`] ³	s [`s`] z [`z`]	ʃ [`S`] ʒ [`Z`]		x [`x`] ⁴	h [`h`]
sat-chhat-im					tʃ dʒ [`dZ`
approximant	ʍ [`W`] ⁵ w [`w`]			approximant >ɹ [`r\`]" target="_blank" >^*		j [`j`]
lateral approximant				l [`l`]

Siong-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ

Gōa-pō· liân-kiat

Re-Romanization of English

Gí-giân