项目

项目是为完成某一独特的产品或服务所做的一次性努力。一次性是指项目有一个结束日期。独特意味着项目的最终结果与其他组织的职能的结果不同。

It can also comprise an ambitious plan to define and constrain a future by limiting it to set goals and parameters. 主要项目的策划，执行和监控需要设立特殊的临时组织，包括一个项目团队，一个或多个工作组。项目通常需要资源。

The word project comes from the Latin word projectum from projicere, "to throw something forwards" which in turn comes from pro-, which denotes something that precedes the action of the next part of the word in time (paralleling the Greek πρό) and jacere, "to throw". The word "project" thus actually originally meant "something that comes before anything else is done". When the word was initially adopted, it referred to a plan of something, not to the act of actually carrying this plan out. Something performed in accordance with a project was called an object. This use of "project" changed in the 1950s when several techniques for project management were introduced: with this advent the word slightly changed meaning to cover both projects and objects. However in certain projects there may still exist so called objects and object leaders, reflecting the older use of the words.

One may also think in terms of platonism, where ideas from the realm of ideals are projected onto the physical world. (See: Plato's allegory of the cave.)

Particularly liked by Western business, projects can subdivide into sub-projects and spawn an industrial sub-culture of project planning and project management, all oblivious to more holistic developments.

Some feel this habit of short-termism has permeated economic planning and personal growth to the detriment of cyclical and multi-cultural world views. Alternatives to project-centric planning include trend-oriented goal-setting and directional planning.

However, this view is contentious, and indeed industrial program management and portfolio management represent ways of administering a range of projects to fulfil an over-arching strategy.

著名的项目包括：

曼哈顿计划：开发出了第一个核武器
北极星导弹计划：一个洲际弹道导弹控制系统。

对比

战役, 过程, 计划

参见

项目管理

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对比

参见