森林

森林是一个高密度树木的区域(或许在历史上, 一个树木繁茂的区域为狩猎留出) 。这些植物群落覆盖着全球大面积并且对二氧化碳下降、动物群落、水文湍流调节和巩固土壤起着重要作用，构成地球生物圈当中的一个最重要方面。

Forests can be found in all regions capable of sustaining tree growth, at altitudes up to the tree-line, except where natural fire frequency is too high, or mankind has intervened. Forests generally contain a large number of 不同的樹種different tree species growing to different heights, combined with an understory, which makes efficient use of sunlight. A forest in its natural form is home to many animal and plant species, and biomass per unit area is high compared to most other biomes, though in some types of forests such as boreal forests, much of it is locked in lignin and other materials that decompose slowly.

用生物学术语, 森林也许从林地被区分:A forest has a more or less closed canopy, in which the branches and foliage of trees meet or interlock. A woodland has an open canopy, which allows some sunlight to penetrate between the trees (see also: savanna). 很多种森林的存在，在生态学中的类型是：

森林通常被根据它们存在的生物群系来分类，并按照主要种类的树叶寿命(它们是否常青的或落叶的) 。Boreal forests occupy the subarctic zone and are generally evergreen and needle-leaved. Temperate zones support both deciduous forests (e.g., temperate deciduous forest) and evergreen forests (e.g., temperate rainforest, chaparral). Tropical and subtropical forests include tropical rainforest, tropical moist forest and tropical dry forest.

The science of studying and managing forests, with a goal of sustainable extraction, is called forestry. Some ecologists also study forests.

Forests can be damaged by logging, forest fires, and acid rain. In the United States, most forests have been destroyed at some point, though in recent years environmental protection has allowed for a comeback in many areas. In a number of places, forests have been allowed, for one reason or another, to grow back.

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参见

概要

与森林有关的活动

各国的森林

列表