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數學上,扁率的定義如下:

\epsilon = {R_{e}-R_{p} \over R_{e}} \approx {3 \pi \over 2 G T^{2} \rho}

R_{e}赤道半徑R_{p}為極半徑。近似式對由均勻密度流體組成的行星成立。在這種情形,扁率為萬有引力常數G自轉週期T和密度\rho的函數。

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