宿務省(Cebu)是菲律賓的島嶼省份，位於中米沙鄢政域。首府是宿務市。宿務省個是又長又狹的島嶼，南北長達225公里(140英里)，被167個鄰近的小嶼包圍，包括麥丹島(Mactan Island)、班塔顏島(Bantayan)、Daanbantayan、馬拉帕斯加島(Malapascua)、峨蘭哥島(Olango)、嘉摩地斯群島(Camotes Islands)等等。

宿務省是菲律賓最發達的省份之一。宿務都會，包括曼達維市(Mandaue City)和拉普拉普市(Lapu-Lapu City)，人口僅次於馬尼拉都會。

宿務島位於內格羅斯島(Negros Island)的東面；宿務島的東面是萊特島(Leyte)，東南面是薄荷島(薄荷省; Bohol)。宿務島相接宿務海峽(宿務島和薄荷島之間)和塔尼翁(Tañon)海峽(宿務島和內格羅斯島之間)。

宿務省設有麥丹-宿務國際機場，位於拉普拉普市。從宿務市市區飛行，約需30分鐘。

人民與文化

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宿務人稱作Cebuanos，包括比薩揚人（Bisaya）、華人、西班牙人和尼格利陀人（Negrito）ancestries。宿務省也是許多西班牙僑民和華僑的根據地。在宿務社會中，不論經濟還是行銷領域，他們都擔當重要的角色。米沙鄢-宿務文化是悠閒、隨和的；宿務人民友善，有文化地生活，時至今日，保留了濃厚的西班牙傾向的傳統。

語言

宿務語(Cebuano) (Binisayang-Sinugboanon)是宿務省的本土語言，也是米沙鄢的大部分地區和棉蘭老的混合語。「宿務語用於宿務島、薄荷島、萊特島西部、東內格羅斯島(Negros Oriental)、棉蘭老島東北岸，以及布基農(Bukidnon)、阿古桑(Agusan)、蘇里高(Surigao)、達沃(Davao)、哥打巴托(Cotabato)和南三寶顏(Zamboanga del Sur)的部分地區。各地的宿務語雖有差異，但變化不大。」 菲律賓有两千多万人操宿務語。^* 多數的宿務人都精通菲律賓的官方語言──英語和他加祿語(Tagalog)，以及其他米沙鄢語言，如Ilonggo和Waray-waray。

宗教

宿務省的守護神是宿務聖嬰(Santo Niño de Cebu)，那是個象徵幼年耶穌(Infant Jesus)的嬰孩。聖嬰像典藏在菲律賓歷史最悠久的教堂──聖嬰大教堂(Basilica Minore del Santo Niño)。基於歷史因素，葡萄牙艦長兼航海家婓迪南‧麥哲倫(Ferdinand Magellan)把聖嬰像送給胡瑪邦酋長(Rajah Humabon)的妻子，作為慶祝聯盟的禮物。不久，麥哲倫在麥丹島的一次戰役中遭殺害。這事件會在宿務省最大、最受歡迎的文化節目仙奴諾節(Sinulog)刻畫出來。神聖的彌撒，為街頭舞蹈和鼓樂表演加上序言，這是主要的賣點。

宿務省以前隸屬馬尼拉大主教管區，後來劃為獨立的主教管區，脫離原來的大主教管區。宿務省有幾所主要教堂，包括大教堂、宿務都會大教堂、聖卡洛斯教堂(San Carlos Church)、羅薩里奧教區教堂(Sto. Rosario Parish Church)、San Jose-Recoletos Church、耶穌神聖之心(Sacred Heart of Jesus)等等。也有幾所非天主教教堂。宿務省的人口，多數是天主教徒(菲律賓多數省份也一樣，唯獨棉蘭老地區例外)。可是，當地一些伊斯蘭教徒群落正在壯大，多數移居自棉蘭老島。

其他宗教支派，包括基督聖殿、耶和華見證人、神的國度、浸信會、改革宗改革宗浸信會、菲律賓聯合基督教會、耶穌基督後期聖徒教會(摩門教)等新教教派。

人口

根據人口及住屋普查 (2000年人口普查)，宿務市錄得718,821人口，較1995年人口普查的多出56,522人。宿務市擁有菲律賓最高全年人口出生率之一，1995年至2000年錄得1.77%。宿務市居於國家水平，根據2000年的宿務省人口普查，該市佔7,650萬省總人口的0.94%。

經濟

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宿務省的經濟，集工業和商業投機於一身。近來，傢具製造業迅速發展，宿務省獲擁立為菲律賓的傢具之都。宿務省工業貿易部正打算發展這經濟要素，明確規定中小企業，其產品須注重出口質量。由於濫伐林木，宿務省缺乏充裕的原材料資源製造傢具，然而，個別的廠商既會從其他島嶼獲取原料，也會靠進口解決。宿務省丹麥島有兩個主要的經濟區域：麥丹出口加工區I及II(Mactan Export Processing Zone I & II, MEPZ I & MEPZ II)。

除了傢具製造業，轉眼間，宿務省也成為菲律賓南部的資訊科技之都。很多公司，不論本地或外資的，都在宿務省設立總部。宿務市，成為不少美國客戶服務中心和商業流程委外服務(Business process outsourcing, BPO)的所在地。宿務工商會，是個由眾多宿務企業組成的組織，正投資宿務省的發展和資訊電信科技(Information & Communications Technology, ICT)的經濟領域，力求將宿務省塑造為東南亞的ICT投資、軟件和電子服務中心。

宿務品牌

跟其他地區一樣，宿務省有自家的產品品牌和服務，這讓當地人引以為豪。實際上，這些土生土長的事業，人民口中的「宿務事業」，包括:

• Bo's Coffee Club- a home grown designer's coffee shop founded by a local entrepreneur. More commonly called as "Bo's", the coffee firm now has over 15 branches over the Philippines, including one in Makati City and one in Bohol. Although its brand is strong and its following is huge in Cebu, Bo's Coffee Club lost a significant share of the province's coffee market to Starbucks Coffee which has two coffee shops operating in Cebu City.

• Orange Brutus - reportedly a Cebuano imitation of the famous Orange Julius company, Orange Brutus is a fast food firm serving hamburgers, french fries, pork chops, cakes and juices to its customers. Operating since 1980, Orange Brutus is more known for its food than its orange juice despite its name. Orange Brutus is reportedly the only establishment to hire hearing-impaired employes as part of its responsibility and mission to the community.

• Thirsty Shakes - one of Cebu's more original businesses. Thirsty Shakes produces and sells fruit juices and shakes made from natural ingredients reflecting the tropical nature of Cebu as well as its richness in fruits.

• Burger Joint - a new alternative on hamburgers and French fries. 為免仿效祖樂比(Jollibee)和麥當勞的多油煮食，Burger Joint會烤燒漢堡包。

• Jonie's Flavored Chicken- is a local restaurant chain imitating the more popular Kenny Rogers Roasters. Like its famous counterpart, it sells roasted chicken, ribs and assorted side dishes. Jonie's also offers three different kinds of sauces (oriental, barbeque and garlic) to complement its chicken. Recently the managers of the restaurant chain announced plans to expand its business beyond Cebu. Noteworthy however is that Jonie's lost a huge share of its customers in Cebu to Kenny Rogers Roasters, which now has one restaurant operating in the same province. It remains to be seen if Jonie's can actually survive from the onslaught of its famous rival, which they imitated in the first place.

• Julie's Bakeshop - 百分百的宿務自家麵包店、速食自助餐廳連鎖

大眾媒體

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電視

宿務省主要依賴馬尼拉為本的電視和媒體網絡，新聞、資訊 for news and information on both 地區性和全國性的視野. 儘管經濟發達，人口超過350萬，宿務省只有三家本地networks：Cebu Channel 28、Real Cebu Television (RCTV 36) 和 Cebu Catholic Television Network (CCTN 47), a religious station partly owned and endorsed by the Archdiocese of Cebu. Channel 28 and 36 are only seen on cable television and CCTN operates a UHF frequency on channel 47 on free TV and channel 56 on cable.

Like the rest of the country, Cebu's TV market is dominated by the duopoly between GMA Network and ABS-CBN. While ABS-CBN has led GMA in the island for many years, recent surveys showed that GMA has signifcantly reduced ABS-CBN's share of the market. "Balitang Bisdak", GMA's Cebuano-language news program, is currently the number 1 news program in Cebu averaging more than 10 points better than the Cebuano version of "TV Patrol" (ABS-CBN) in the ratings.

宿務省是GMA Network與ABS-CBN最新的電視收視率戰場。2005年5月1日，兩大電視台舉辦「影迷日」活動，有音樂會、親筆簽名會、免費醫療服務、眾星登台，諸如此類的。GMA投資4,000萬披索，用於長達一星期的活動，ABS-CBN則花費3,000萬披索。據估計，5月1日的活動，GMA吸引的人數比ABS-CBN的多，前者是5.5萬人，後者是2.8萬人。

報紙

宿務省除了販賣全國性報章，也出版三份本地的英文報章：《自由民報》(The Freeman)、《晨星報》(Sun Star)和《宿務每日新聞》(Cebu Daily News)。同時，也發售宿務語報章──《晨星報》持有的《SuperBalita》和自由民報持有的《Banat News》。

2005年，每份本地日報售價為10披索，比全國性報章便宜。自由民報由Gullas政黨(與《菲律賓星報》,The Philippine Star合併)持有，而《晨星報》則由Garcia政黨持有。另一方面，《宿務每日新聞》由《菲律賓每日問訊報》(Philippine Daily Inquirer)管理。

地理

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宿務省位於東經123°13'E至124°5'E，北緯9°25'N至11°15'N，菲律賓群島的中央。南距馬尼拉365英里。

行政

宿務省劃分為47個自治市及6個市。

市

• 宿務市
• 達瑙市(Danao City)
• 拉普拉普市(Lapu-Lapu City)
• 曼達維市(Mandaue City)
• 塔里薩伊市(Talisay City)
• 托勒多市(Toledo City)

自治市

Alcantara Alcoy Alegría Aloguinsan Argao Asturias Badian Balamban Bantayan Barili Bogo Boljoon Borbon Carcar Carmen Catmon Compostela Consolación Cordoba Daanbantayan Dalaguete Dumanjug Ginatilan Liloan

Madridejos Malabuyoc Medellin Minglanilla Moalboal Naga Oslob Pilar Pinamungahan Poro Ronda Samboan San Fernando San Francisco San Remigio Santa Fe Santander Sibonga Sogod Tabogon Tabuelan Tuburan Tudela

自然

宿務省的主島is a long, narrow slither of land flanked on both sides by Tañon Strait and the Strait of Cebu. To its southeastern tip is a small body of land that is Mactan Island. Cebu is comprised of hundreds of small islands, some of which are uninhabited which make them the targets of adventure-seeking tourists.

Cebu is known for its narrow coastlines, limestone plateaus, and coastal plains, all characteristics of a typical tropical island. However, Cebu also has predominant rolling hills and rugged mountain ranges traversing the northern and southern lengths of the island.

Cebu's steep mountains reach over 1,000 meters but there is actually a substantial lack of adequate forest cover. Flat tracts of land can be found in towns of Bogo, San Remigio, Cebu, Medellin, and Daan Bantayan at the northern tip of the province.

基礎建設

宿務省繼續發展基礎建設，方便交通往來。當地依然吸引投資者和遊客，尤其是韓國人。

至今，宿務省的基礎建設，首推連接麥丹島和主島的兩道鋼橋。

由於原有的兩道鋼橋諸多不便，本地的領導者正商議興建第三道麥丹-宿務大橋和海底隊道。可是，新計劃耗費龐大，遙不可及。

南部開墾計劃

另一方面，宿務市has the much-anticipated 南部開墾計劃(South Reclamation Project, SRP), a massive pile of reclaimed land estimated to be at around 3 square kilometres. Cebu City has plans to sell or lease land to potential investors and big businesses. Among the planned construction projects for the SRP is a modern sports complex (replacing the overused Cebu City Sports Center) and a hotel. Mall operators also expressed interest to build malls and pour their investments in the SRP.

南部開墾計劃，has a 新式公路(稱作南海岸路)，連接宿務市至塔里薩伊市。由於and due to its quality and isolation, 經公路往來兩市，節省差不多50分鐘的行車時間。

歷史

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西班牙人抵達以前，宿務那時稱作Zubu(米沙鄢語或作Sugbo)，是個興旺的漁村和繁忙的貿易站，貿易輸送往中國、暹羅、阿拉伯半島，以及鄰近的馬來西亞諸島。

麥哲倫遠征

1521年3月16日葡萄牙航海家斐迪南·麥哲倫(Ferdinand Magellan)登上宿務。這次遠征受命於西班牙國王，目標是尋找傳說的摩鹿加群島(Moluccas)，並考慮拓展西班牙的東方領土。

麥哲倫勸服宿務胡瑪邦酋長(Rajah Humabon)立誓，效忠西班牙神聖羅馬帝國皇帝,查理五世(Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor; King Charles V)。伴隨(Accompanied) by Spanish Dominican 男修道士, the 遠征 was responsible for the first wave of Christianity in the Philippines. 4月14日，麥哲倫在宿務海濱豎立一個木製的大十字架。後來，約有400個宿務土著受洗；隨同的有胡瑪邦及其妻子，他們分別取了個基督教名字Carlos和Juana，以示對西班牙國王的敬意。The Santo Niño was also presented to the queen as a symbol of peace between the Spaniards and the natives.

Encouraged by his success in Cebu, Magellan later crossed the channel to the nearby island of Mactan which was under the rule of Muslim Datu Lapu-Lapu. On April 27, the historic Battle of Mactan occurred where Magellan was killed and his men were driven off the island by the natives. According to historian and chronicler, Antonio Pigafetta, Magellan's body was never recovered despite efforts to trade for it with spice and jewels.

Magellan's second-in-command, Juan Sebastián Elcano took his place and sailed the remainder of the fleet to Spain, taking a route different from the eastern route as opposed to the western route which they took when they first arrived. In so doing, the fleet became the first to "circumnavigate the world."

西班牙征服與殖民地時代

Survivors of the Magellan Expedition brought tales of a savage island in the Orient with them when they returned to Spain. Consequently, several follow-up expeditions were sent but all ended in failure.

Forty-four years after Magellan first set foot in Cebu, in 1565, conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi and his 500 armed soldiers together with several Augustinian and Franciscan friars arrived and declared that the Spanish crown succeeded in colonizing the islands. Legazpi and his men then marched through Zugbo and bombarded the palisades of chieftain Rajah Tupas and destroyed the village. He and his men, later rebuilt it and called it Villa del Santisimo Nombre de Jesús (Village of the Most Holy Name of Jesus). Thus, in 1569, it became the first Spanish settlement established by the Spanish Cortés in the Philippines.

1571年8月14日，宿務省(Villa del Santisimo Nombre de Jesús) was detached from the Catholic diocese of Manila and became a diocese of its own. When Legazpi departed for Manila in 1571, he did not abandon Cebu. Instead, he employed garrisons and a provincial governor to look after it and left half of his soldiers in Cebu.

Three centuries later, in June 12, 1898 marked the end of the Spanish era and the onset of the American regime. In 1901, Cebu became a municipality and on February 24, 1937 became a chartered city.

第二次世界大戰

宿務省，是菲律賓人口最稠密的島嶼，第二次大戰被日本佔領時，充當日本的重要基地，始於1942年4月日本帝國軍登岸。三年後的1945年3月，美軍登岸，重新佔據宿務省，迫使日本投降。

2004菲律賓大選

2004年國家大選中，菲律賓首次視宿務省為選票主要來源。宿務省估計有160萬登記選民，無疑是菲律賓最關鍵的省份(Pangasinan省緊隨其後，約有130萬)。

For the 2004年大選，格洛麗亞·馬卡帕加爾·阿羅約總統(President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo)和她的K4聯盟大比數擊敗對手。阿羅約從宿務省贏得120萬選票，緊隨其後的是Koalisyong ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino (KNP)總統候選人Fernando Poe, Jr.，輸了2萬票。參議院候選人當中，K4壓倒了KNP，宿務省選民造就了10比2的優勢(12個參議院議席的空缺)。在副總統競選中，Noli de Castro (K4)贏得與其拍擋阿羅約相近的票數。

著名的宿務人

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• Gwen Garcia
• Tomas Osmena
• Pablo Garcia
• Michael Rama
• Jonathan Guardo
• Alvin Garcia
• Roberto Go
• Winston Garcia
• Ramon Durano
• Ace Durano
• Lito Osmena

地標

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• 麥哲倫十字架
• 聖伯德祿古堡
• 聖嬰大教堂
• 麥哲倫聖地
• 拉普拉普聖地
• Capitol Building
• Marcelo Fernan Bridge
• 道觀

節日

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仙奴諾節(Sinulog)：宿務省最盛大、最受歡迎的節日，每年1月的第三個周日慶祝。節日是紀念神聖的宿務聖嬰像。Fiesta Señor, as it widely known, is the most celebrated among Cebu's festivals where people converge along the route of a grand solemn procession and partake in the gaiety amidst a mardigras parade immersed in vivid colors and the constant drums of the Pit Señor.

Paskuhan：12月舉行的聖誕慶典，會唱歌、製作幻燈，將歡笑帶給當地居民和遊客。

Kadaugan sa Mactan：A one day re-enactment celebrated with pomp and pageantry every 27th of April to commemorate the historic Battle of Mactan between the forces of Lapulapu and Magellan.

Virgin of the Rule Fiesta. Held to honor the patroness of Opon on November 20-21, this religious and social event reveals the deep religious faith of the people and the penchant for merry making. A food fair, a procession and a coronation of the Fiesta Queen highlight the festivity.

Semana Santa sa Bantayan. A unique mixture of solemn religious rites and local celebration highlights the Holy Week activities in Bantayan Island. The normally quiet island is visited by relatives and friends of the residents, as well as tourists to experience the scenic rites and to cool off the summer heat in the beautiful white sandy beaches and clear tropical waters.

Fiesta sa Carcar. Is celebrated on November 24-25 in honor of the town's patron. St. Catherine of Alexandria Carcar town is noted for Its old Spanish style houses in the quiet countryside setting. During fiestas, the residents would invite friends, relatives and town visitors into their homes to taste popular local delicacies. A lively and enjoyable event.

Nuestra Señora de Regla Fiesta. 拉普拉普市舉辦，Held to honor the patroness of Opon on November 20-21, this religious and social event reveals faith of the people and the penchant for merry making. A food fair, carnival, procession and a coronation of the Fiesta Queen highlight the festivity.

Tagbo. Poro, Cebu - Celebrated every January in honor of Patron Santo Niño de Poro. Beloved memoir of a living past, Tagbo is the cornerstone from which this great municipality has sprung. Rich in cultural heritage and deep in spiritual values, Tagbo is a very significant event preluding the birth of a town every dear to the hearts of her sons and daughters.

Sanayon：第2政域(離宿務省100公里)的南方城鎮的農業旅遊節。長達一個月的活動，宣揚郊外旅遊。

4月3日慶典(Tres de Abril Celebration)：每年4月3日慶祝，紀念南方成功抵抗西班牙人。這歷史戰役令宿務自豪：經Leon Kilat帶領，宿務島成為首個呂宋以外的大島，抵制西班牙的統治。

註腳

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• Resil Mojares, Cebuano Literature: A Survey of Bibliography with Finding List (Cebu City: University of San Carlos, 1975), p. 5.

外部連結

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• 宿務省政府官方網站
• 宿務潛水及旅遊資訊
• 晨星報宿務線上
• DYAB Abante bisaya weblog

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