Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus coagulans
Paenibacillus larvae
Bacillus natto
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus thuringiensis

Cụm từ bacillus nhằm miêu tả hình dáng của một nhóm vi khuẩn khi được quan sát dưới kính hiển vi. Nó xuất phát từ tiếng Latin có nghĩa là hình que. Do đó, một số nơi gọi là khuẩn que hoặc trực khuẩn.

Tuy nhiên, Bacillus (viết hoa và in nghiêng) là tên của một chi gồm các vi khuẩn hình que, Gram dương, hiếu khí thuộc về họ Bacillaceae trong Firmicutes.

Bacillus bacteria are ubiquitous in nature and can form roughly spherical spores when conditions are stressful in order to survive in a dormant state for extended periods. There exist a huge number of species in this genus, most of which are harmless.

The two species considered medically significant are Bacillus anthracis (which causes anthrax) and Bacillus cereus (which can cause a form of foodborne illness similar to that of Staphylococcus). Two species that are notable food spoilers are Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans. B. subtilis is an obligate aerobe whose spores can survive the extreme heating which is often used to cook food. It is responsible for causing ropiness in spoiled bread. B. coagulans can grow all the way down to pH 4.2 and causes a flat sour taste in contaminated canned food (including acidic foods which normally keeps most bacterial growth to a minimum). Paenibacillus larvae causes American foulbrood in honey bees.

Bacillus are gram and catalase positive bacteria who use oxygen as their terminal electron acceptor in their energy metabolic pathway. Individual Bacillus appear as rods under the microscope with usually a substantial number of the rods having an oval endospore which tends to bulge the bacterium at one end. Colonies of this genus are usually observed as large, spreading and irregularly-shaped.

An easy way to isolate a Bacillus species is by placing non-sterile soil in a test tube with water, shake, place in melted mannitol salts agar, and incubate at room temperature for at least a day.

Vi khuẩn | Firmicute

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