• Superfamily Hesperioidea:
  
  • Hesperiidae
    
• Superfamily Papilionoidea:
  
  • Papilionidae
    
  • Pieridae
    
  • Nymphalidae
    
  • Lycaenidae
    
  • Riodinidae
    

Kukupu nyaéta serangga hiber tina ordo Lepidoptera nu asup kana salasahiji superfamili Hesperioidea jeung Papilionoidea (sakur kukupu lianna). Aya ogé ahli nu ngasupkeun kukupu kana superfamili Hedyloidea, ngengat Amérika. Loba pisan kukupu nu mibanda kelir nu ahéng sarta matak hélok. Nalik kacabak ku manusa, urang bakal ngarasakeun ayana tipung nu muruluk tina jangjang kukupu. Mun loba teuing nu murudulna, kamampuh hiberna bakal kaganggud. Masarakat nu ngoléksi atawa nalungtik kukupu (atawa ngenget/geget) disebutna lépidoptéris.

Opat hambalan daur hirup kukupu

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Endog

Endog kukupu diwangun ku cangkang teuas nu disebut korion, lajeng handapeunana korion aya lapisan lilin ipis pikeun ngajaga kalembaban di jero endog. Tiap endog ngandung sababaraha liang nu ngamuara ka hiji lawang, disebutna mikropil; liang ieu dimaksudkeun sangkan spérma asup & ngabuahan endogna. Endog kukupu jeung ngengat ukuranana rupa-rupa gumantung spésiésna, tapi bentukna mah sarua lonyod.

Larva

Pupa

Kukupu

Serangga nu geus aya dina hambalan sawawa sacara séksual disebut imago. Sakumaha Lepidoptera, kukupu mibanda opat jangjang nu dibungkus ku skala lalembut (tempo foto), tapi teu siga ngengat, jangjang hareup jeung tukangna teu sajangkar, sahingga kamampuh hiberna leuwih hadé. Kukupu boga genep suku; larvana ogé boga genep suku (ngan katambahan ku sababarapa pasang suku semu). Sanggeus kaluar tina hambalan pupalna, kukupu can waka bisa hiber alatan jangjangna can mébér, narilep kénéh. Sangkan mébér, jangjangna téh kudu kaaliran heula getih sarta diangin-ainginkeun sangkan garing. Tah, dina mangsa ieu pisan kukupu téh gampang pisan jadi sasaran nu ngamangsa.

Klasifikasi

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Panduan ngeunaan kukupu

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• Butterflies of North America, Jim P. Brock and Kenn Kaufman (2003)
• Butterflies through Binoculars: The East, Jeffrey Glassberg (1999)
• Butterflies through Binoculars: The West, Jeffrey Glassberg (2001)
• A Field Guide to Eastern Butterflies, Paul Opler (1994)
• A Field Guide to Western Butterflies, Paul Opler (1999)
• Peterson First Guide to Butterflies and Moths, Paul Opler (1994)
• The Millennium Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland ku Jim Asher (Editor), et al.
• Pocket Guide to the Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland ku Richard Lewington
• Butterflies of Britain and Europe (Collins Wildlife Trust Guides) ku Michael Chinery
• A Guide to Common Butterflies of Singapore ku Steven Neo Say Hian (Singapore Science Centre)
• Butterflies of West Malaysia and Singapore ku W.A.Fleming. (Longman Malaysia)
• Las Mariposas de Machu Picchu ku Gerardo Lamas (2003)

Rujukan

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• butterfly, ti Wikipédia basa Inggris per 17 Séptémber 2005
• Pyle, R. M. (1992) Handbook for Butterfly Watchers. Houghton Mifflin. Originally published, 1984. ISBN 0-395-61629-8
• Heppner, J. B., 1998. Classification of Lepidoptera. Holarctic Lepidoptera, Suppl. 1.
• Wahlberg, N., et al. (2005). Synergistic effects of combining morphological and molecular data in resolving the phylogeny of butterflies and skippers. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B (Biological Sciences), 272, 1577-1586.

Fotograf tambahan

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Image:Tagpfauenauge.jpg Image:Issoria lathonia.jpg Image:Buberel butterfly.jpg Image:Rapsweissling Pieris napi .jpg Image:Iphiclides podalirius.jpg Image:C-Falter Polygonia C-album.jpg Image:Meadow argus07.jpg Image:Black and blue butterfly KL.jpg Image:Black and yellow butterfly KL.jpg Image:Black Butterfly with red.jpg Image:Brown speckled butterfly KL.jpg Image:Butterfly Morpho Anaxibia (M) KL.jpg

Tumbu kaluar

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• Online insect museum - Visit online insect museum. Nice gallery of butterflies, including rare Agrias, Morpho, Prepona. Also unique bilateral gynandomorph, etc!
• Butterflies of North America
• Butterfly Conservation
• UK Moths
• Butterflies and Moths in the Netherlands
• Moths and butterflies of Europe en North Africa
• Butterfly Website
• Tree Of Life
• Butterflies of Singapore
• "Butterflies equipped with tracker devices" by Tim Radford, The Guardian, April 6, 2005
• Wiktionary's butterfly page, with loads of funny-sounding translations
• Macro Photography - Images of Butterflies
• butterflies pictures
• European butterflies photo gallery

Serangga | Sasatoan

Pumarina | Пеперуди | Papallona | Glöyn byw | Sommerfugl | Schmetterlinge | liblikas | butterfly | mariposa | papilio | Lepidoptera | 나비 | Fiðrildi | farfalla | papilio | Drugiai | Papalotl | vlinder | チョウ | sommerfugl | Motyle | borboleta | bábochka | Perhoset | Fjärilar | ผีเสื้อ | kelebek | 蝴蝶 | motýli