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Lepidoptera
 

Borboletas

Traças

127 famílias: ver texto

Lepidoptera é uma ordem de insectos muito diversificada que inclui as borboletas e traças (mariposas, no Brasil). O grupo inclui insectos com dois pares de asas membranosas cobertas de escamas e peças bucais adaptadas a sucção. O ciclo de vida dos lepidópteros engloba as seguintes etapas: ovo da borboleta, larva, chamada tambem de lagarta, pupa e imago, a fase adulta.

Há cerca de 180,000 espécies de lepidópteros, classificadas em 127 famílias. Destas, seis estão em perigo crítico de extinção, 36 estão ameaçadas e 116 são consideradas vulneráveis.

O grupo é separado informalmente em Rhophalocera (borboletas) e Heterocera (traças) segundo os seguintes critérios:

  • As antenas das borboletas são rectilíneas e terminam numa bola; as traças têm antenas bastante variadas conforme a espécie, normalmente em forma de plumas.
  • As traças são maioritariamente noturnas ou crepusculares; as borboletas são diurnas.
  • A metamorfose das traças faz-se dentro de um casulo mole; as borboletas segregam uma crisálida rígida.
  • As borboletas são em geral coloridas; as traças têm coloração monótona adaptada ao modo de vida noturno.
  • As traças pousam com as asas abertas; as borboletas dobram as asas para cima enquanto em repouso.
  • O corpo das borboletas é fino e alongado; as traças são mais arredondadas e robustas.

Taxonomia


São consideradas como borboletas as seguintes famílias: Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae e Riodinidae. As restantes são designadas por traças.

Lista de famílias actualmente aceites

FamíliaDe outra forma incluida em
Acanthopteroctetidae Davis, 1978 
Acrolepiidae Heinemann, 1870Plutellidae ou Yponomeutidae
AcrolophidaeTineidae
Adelidae Bruand, 1851 
Agathiphagidae Kristensen, 1967 
Agonoxenidae Meyrick, 1926Elastichidae ou Coleophoridae
AididaeMegalopygidae
Alucitidae Leach, 1815 
Anomoeotidae 
Anomosetidae 
Anthelidae 
Arctiidae Leach, 1815 
Arrhenophanidae 
Axiidae Rebel, 1919Noctuidae
Batrachedridae Heinemann & Wocke, 1876Coleophoridae ou Mompidae ou Cosmopterigidae
Bedelliidae Meyrick, 1880Lyonetiidae
Blastobasidae Meyrick, 1894Coleophoridae
Bombycidae Latreille, 1802 
Brachodidae Heppner, 1979Glyphipterigidae
Brahmaeidae Swinhoe, 1892 
Bucculatricidae Wallengren, 1881 
Callidulidae 
Carposinidae Walsingham, 1897 
Carthaeidae 
Castniidae 
CecidosidaeIncurvariidae
Choreutidae Stainton, 1854Glyphipterigidae
Coleophoridae Bruand, 1851 
Copromorphidae 
Cosmopterigidae Heinemann & Wocke, 1876 
Cossidae Leach, 1815 
Crambidae Latreille, 1810Pyralidae
Crinopterygidae Spuler, 1898 
Cyclotornidae 
Dalceridae 
Doidae Donahue & Brown, 1987Arctiidae
Douglasiidae Heinemann & Wocke, 1876 
Drepanidae Boisduval, 1828 
Dudgeoneidae 
Elachistidae Bruand, 1851 
Endromidae Boisduval, 1828 
Epermeniidae Spuler, 1910 
Epicopeiidae 
Epipyropidae Dyar, 1903 
Eriocottidae Spuler, 1898Incurvariidae
Eriocraniidae Tutt, 1899 
Ethmiidae Busck, 1909Elachistidae
Eupterotidae 
GalacticidaePlutellidae
Gelechiidae Stainton, 1854 
Geometridae Leach, 1815 
Glyphipterigidae Stainton, 1854 
Gracillariidae Stainton, 1854 
HedylidaeGeometridae
Heliodinidae Heinemann & Wocke, 1876 
Heliozelidae Heinemann & Wocke, 1877 
Hepialidae Stephens, 1829 
Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809 
HeterobathmiidaeMicropterigidae
Heterogynidae Herrich-Schäffer, 1846 
Himantopteridae 
Holcopogonidae Gozmany, 1967Autostichidae
Hyblaeidae 
Immidae Heppner, 1977Glyphipterigidae
Incurvariidae Spuler, 1898 
LacturidaeYponomeutidae
Lasiocampidae Harris, 1841 
Lecithoceridae Le Marchand, 1947Gelechiidae
Lemoniidae Dyar, 1896 
Limacodidae Duponchel, 1845 
Lophocoronidae Common, 1973 
Lycaenidae Leach, 1815 
Lymantriidae Hampson, 1893 
Lyonetiidae Stainton, 1854 
Lypusidae Heinemann, 1870Tineidae ou Psychidae ou Yponomeutidae
Megalopygidae 
Metachandidae Meyrick, 1911Oecophoridae or Gelechiidae
Micropterigidae Herrich-Schäffer, 1855 
Mimallonidae 
MirinidaeBombycidae
Mnesarchaeidae 
Momphidae Herrich-Schäffer, 1857Coleophoridae
Neopseustidae 
Neotheoridae Kristensen, 1978. 
Nepticulidae Stainton, 1854 
Noctuidae Latreille, 1809 
Nolidae Hampson, 1894Noctuidae
Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 
Nymphalidae Swainson, 1827 
Oecophoridae Bruand, 1851 
Oenosandridae Miller, 1991Notodontidae (Thaumatopoeidae)
Opostegidae Meyrick, 1893 
Palaeosetidae 
PalaephatidaeTineidae
Pantheidae Smith, 1898Noctuidae
Papilionidae Latreille, 1802 
Pieridae Duponchel, 1835 
Plutellidae Guenee, 1845Yponomeutidae
Prodoxidae Riley, 1881 
Prototheoridae 
Psychidae Boisduval, 1828 
Pterolonchidae Meyrick, 1918Coleophoridae
Pterophoridae Zeller, 1841 
Pyralidae Latreille, 1802 
Riodinidae Grote, 1895Lycaenidae
Roeslerstammiidae Bruand, 1850 
Saturniidae Boisduval, 1837 
Schreckensteiniidae Fletcher, 1929 
Scythrididae Rebel, 1901 
Sematuridae 
Sesiidae Boisduval, 1828 
SimaethistidaePyralidae
Somabrachyidae Hampson, 1920Megalopygidae
Sphingidae Latreille, 1802 
Symmocidae Gozmany, 1957Autostichidae
Thyrididae Herrich-Schäffer, 1846 
Tineidae Latreille, 1810 
Tineodidae Meyrick, 1885 
Tischeriidae Spuler, 1898 
Tortricidae Latreille, 1802 
Uraniidae 
Urodidae Kyrki, 1984 
WhalleyanidaeThyrididae
Yponomeutidae Stephens, 1829 
Ypsolophidae Guenee, 1845Yponomeutidae
Zygaenidae Latreille, 1809 

Lista de famílias relegadas

Os seguintes grupos foram classificados como famílias até a um passado recente e os seus nomes poderão estar ainda inclusos em bibliografia e em sítios da internet. Esta lista mostra onde essas supostas famílias estão agora classificadas.


-
'Família'Agora incluida em
AgaristidaeNoctuidae
AmphisbatidaeOecophoridae
ApatelodidaeBombycidae
ApoprogonidaeSematuridae
ArgyresthiidaeYponomeutidae
AutostichidaeOecophoridae
BlastodacnidaeAgonoxenidae
CercophanidaeSaturniidae
ChimbachidaeOecophoridae
ChrysopolomidaeLimacodidae
CocytiidaeNoctuidae
CtenuchidaeArctiidae
CyclidiidaeDrepanidae
CycnodiidaeElachistidae
DanaidaeNymphalidae
DeoclonidaeGelechiidae
DepressariidaeOecophoridae
'Família'Agora incluida em
DeuterotineidaeEriocottidae
DilobidaeNoctuidae
DioptidaeNotodontidae
EpiplemidaeUraniidae
GlyphidoceridaeSymmocidae
HeliconiidaeNymphalidae
HypertrophidaeOecophoridae
LathrotelidaeCrambidae
LibytheidaeNymphalidae
ManidiidaeSematuridae
MegathymidaeHesperiidae
MetarbelidaeCossidae
OinophilidaeTineidae
OlethreutidaeTortricidae
OxytenidaeSaturniidae
ParnassiidaePapilionidae
PeleopodidaeOecophoridae
'Família'Agora incluida em
PericopidaeArctiidae
PhaloniidaeTortricidae
PhyllocnistidaeGracillariidae
PseudarbelidaePsychidae
PterothysanidaeCallidulidae
PyromorphidaeZygaenidae
RatardidaeCossidae
SatyridaeNymphalidae
SchistonoeidaeGelechiidae
StathmopodidaeOecophoridae
StenomidaeOecophoridae
StrepsimanidaeNoctuidae
ThaumetopoeidaeNotodontidae
ThyatiridaeDrepanidae
ThyretidaeArctiidae
WalshiidaeCosmopterigidae
XyloryctidaeOecophoridae

Classificação de acordo com Fauna Europaea


| rowspan="7" style="background:#efefef;" | | style="background:#efefef;" | Endromidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Lemoniidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Mirinidae |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Saturniidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Agliinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Saturniinae |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Sphingidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Macroglossinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Smerinthinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Sphinginae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Choreutinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Millierinae | style="background:#efefef;" | | style="background:#efefef;" | Cossinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Zeuzerinae | style="background:#efefef;" | Drepaninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Thyatirinae | style="background:#efefef;" | Epermeniinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Ochromolopinae | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Amphisbatidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Amphisbatinae |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Autostichidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Autostichinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Holcopogoninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Symmocinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Batrachedridae | rowspan="4" style="background:#efefef;" | |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Blastobasidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Chimabachidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Coleophoridae |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Cosmopterigidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Antequerinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Chrysopeleiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Cosmopteriginae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Deoclonidae | style="background:#efefef;" | |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Depressariidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Cryptolechiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Depressariinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Elachistidae | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Ethmiidae |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Gelechiidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Dichomeridinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Gelechiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Pexicopiinae |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Lecithoceridae | style="background:#efefef;" | Ceuthomadarinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Lecithocerinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Oditinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Momphidae | style="background:#efefef;" | |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Oecophoridae | style="background:#efefef;" | Deuterogoniinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Oecophorinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Pterolonchidae | rowspan="4" style="background:#efefef;" | |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Schistonoeidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Scythrididae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Stathmopodidae |- | rowspan="8" style="background:#efefef;" | Geometridae | style="background:#efefef;" | Alsophilinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Archiearinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Desmobathrinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Ennominae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Geometrinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Larentiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Orthostixinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Sterrhinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Uraniidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Epipleminae | style="background:#efefef;" | Bucculatricidae | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Douglasiidae |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Gracillariidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Gracillariinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Lithocolletinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Phyllocnistinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Roeslerstammiidae | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | | style="background:#efefef;" | Hepialidae | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" |Adelidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Adelinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Nematopogoninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" |Crinopterygidae | rowspan="4" style="background:#efefef;" | |- | style="background:#efefef;" |Heliozelidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" |Incurvariidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" |Prodoxidae |- | rowspan="5" style="background:#efefef;" | Lasiocampidae | style="background:#efefef;" |Chondrosteginae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Lasiocampinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Malacosominae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Pinarinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Poecilocampinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Micropterigidae | style="background:#efefef;" | | style="background:#efefef;" | Nepticulidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Nepticulinae |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Opostegidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Oposteginae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Opostegoidinae | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Arctiidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Arctiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Lithosiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Syntominae |- |- | rowspan="5" style="background:#efefef;" | Lymantriidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Arctorninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Calliterinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Lymantrinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Nygmininae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Orgyinae |- | rowspan="26" style="background:#efefef;" | Noctuidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Acontiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Acronictinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Aedeiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Amphipyrinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Bagisarinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Bryophilinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Calpinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Catocalinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Condicinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Cuculliinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Dilobinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Eublemminae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Eustrotiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Euteliinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Hadeninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Heliothinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Herminiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Hypeninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Micronoctuinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Noctuinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Pantheinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Plusiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Raphiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Rivulinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Strepsimaninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Tytinae |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Nolidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Chloephorinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Eariadinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Nolinae |- | rowspan="5" style="background:#efefef;" | Notodontidae | style="background:#efefef;" |Notodontinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Phalerinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Ptilodoninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Pygaerinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Stauropinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Thaumetopoeidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Thaumetopoeinae |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Lycaenidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Lycaeninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Riodininae |- | rowspan="9" style="background:#efefef;" | Nymphalidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Apaturinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Charaxinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Danainae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Heliconiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Libytheinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Limenitidinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Melitaeinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Nymphalinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Satyrinae |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Papilionidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Papilioninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Parnassiinae |- |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Pieridae | style="background:#efefef;" | Coliadinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Dismorphiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Pierinae |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Pterophoridae | style="background:#efefef;" | Agdistinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Pterophorinae |- | rowspan="11" style="background:#efefef;" | Crambidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Acentropinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Cathariinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Crambinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Cybalomiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Evergestinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Glaphyriinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Odontiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Pyraustinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Schoenobiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Scopariinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Spilomelinae |- | rowspan="4" style="background:#efefef;" | Pyralidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Epipaschiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Galleriinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Phycitinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Pyralinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Schreckensteiniidae | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | | style="background:#efefef;" | Brachodidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Castniidae |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Sesiidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Sesiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Tinthiinae | style="background:#efefef;" | Thyrididae | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | | style="background:#efefef;" | Eriocottidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Lypusidae |- | rowspan="7" style="background:#efefef;" | Psychidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Epichnopteryginae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Naryciinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Oiketicinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Placodominae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Psychinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Taleporiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Typhoniinae |- | rowspan="13" style="background:#efefef;" | Tineidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Dryadaulinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Euplocaminae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Hapsiferinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Hieroxestinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Meessiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Myrmecozelinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Nemapogoninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Perissomasticinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Scardiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Setomorphinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Stathmopolitinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Teichobiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Tineinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Tischeriidae | style="background:#efefef;" | | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Tortricidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Chlidanotinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Olethreutinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Tortricinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Urodidae | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | | style="background:#efefef;" | Acrolepiidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Bedelliidae |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Glyphipterigidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Glyphipteriginae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Orthoteliinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Heliodinidae | style="background:#efefef;" | |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Lyonetiidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Cemiostominae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Lyonetiinae |- |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Plutellidae | style="background:#efefef;" | |- | rowspan="4" style="background:#efefef;" | Yponomeutidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Argyresthiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Praydinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Scythropiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Yponomeutinae |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Ypsolophidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Ochsenheimeriinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Ypsolophinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Epipyropidae | rowspan="4" style="background:#efefef;" | |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Heterogynidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Limacodidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Somabrachyidae |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Zygaenidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Chalcosiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Procridinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Zygaeninae |-
Classificação dos lepidópteros europeus
Superfamília: Família: Subfamília:
Acanthopteroctetoidea Acanthopteroctetidae
Alucitoidea Alucitidae
Axioidea Axiidae
Bombycoidea Brahmaeidae
Choreutoidea Choreutidae
Copromorphoidea Carposinidae
Cossoidea Cossidae
Drepanoidea Drepanidae
Epermenioidea Epermeniidae
Eriocranioidea Eriocraniidae
Galacticoidea Galacticidae
Gelechioidea Agonoxenidae
Geometroidea
Gracillarioidea
Hepialoidea
Hesperioidea Hesperiidae Hesperiinae
Heteropterinae
Pyrginae
Incurvarioidea Lasiocampoidea
Micropterigoidea
Nepticuloidea
Noctuoidea Papilionoidea Pterophoroidea Pyraloidea Schreckensteinioidea
Sesioidea
Thyridoidea
Tineoidea Tischerioidea
Tortricoidea
Urodoidea
Yponomeutoidea
Zygaenoidea


insectosLepidoptera

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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the "Lepidoptera".

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