Borboletas
Traças127 famílias: ver texto
Lepidoptera é uma ordem de insectos muito diversificada que inclui as borboletas e traças (mariposas, no Brasil). O grupo inclui insectos com dois pares de asas membranosas cobertas de escamas e peças bucais adaptadas a sucção. O ciclo de vida dos lepidópteros engloba as seguintes etapas: ovo da borboleta, larva, chamada tambem de lagarta, pupa e imago, a fase adulta.
Há cerca de 180,000 espécies de lepidópteros, classificadas em 127 famílias. Destas, seis estão em perigo crítico de extinção, 36 estão ameaçadas e 116 são consideradas vulneráveis.
O grupo é separado informalmente em Rhophalocera (borboletas) e Heterocera (traças) segundo os seguintes critérios:
São consideradas como borboletas as seguintes famílias: Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae e Riodinidae. As restantes são designadas por traças.
| Família | De outra forma incluida em |
|---|---|
| Acanthopteroctetidae Davis, 1978 | |
| Acrolepiidae Heinemann, 1870 | Plutellidae ou Yponomeutidae |
| Acrolophidae | Tineidae |
| Adelidae Bruand, 1851 | |
| Agathiphagidae Kristensen, 1967 | |
| Agonoxenidae Meyrick, 1926 | Elastichidae ou Coleophoridae |
| Aididae | Megalopygidae |
| Alucitidae Leach, 1815 | |
| Anomoeotidae | |
| Anomosetidae | |
| Anthelidae | |
| Arctiidae Leach, 1815 | |
| Arrhenophanidae | |
| Axiidae Rebel, 1919 | Noctuidae |
| Batrachedridae Heinemann & Wocke, 1876 | Coleophoridae ou Mompidae ou Cosmopterigidae |
| Bedelliidae Meyrick, 1880 | Lyonetiidae |
| Blastobasidae Meyrick, 1894 | Coleophoridae |
| Bombycidae Latreille, 1802 | |
| Brachodidae Heppner, 1979 | Glyphipterigidae |
| Brahmaeidae Swinhoe, 1892 | |
| Bucculatricidae Wallengren, 1881 | |
| Callidulidae | |
| Carposinidae Walsingham, 1897 | |
| Carthaeidae | |
| Castniidae | |
| Cecidosidae | Incurvariidae |
| Choreutidae Stainton, 1854 | Glyphipterigidae |
| Coleophoridae Bruand, 1851 | |
| Copromorphidae | |
| Cosmopterigidae Heinemann & Wocke, 1876 | |
| Cossidae Leach, 1815 | |
| Crambidae Latreille, 1810 | Pyralidae |
| Crinopterygidae Spuler, 1898 | |
| Cyclotornidae | |
| Dalceridae | |
| Doidae Donahue & Brown, 1987 | Arctiidae |
| Douglasiidae Heinemann & Wocke, 1876 | |
| Drepanidae Boisduval, 1828 | |
| Dudgeoneidae | |
| Elachistidae Bruand, 1851 | |
| Endromidae Boisduval, 1828 | |
| Epermeniidae Spuler, 1910 | |
| Epicopeiidae | |
| Epipyropidae Dyar, 1903 | |
| Eriocottidae Spuler, 1898 | Incurvariidae |
| Eriocraniidae Tutt, 1899 | |
| Ethmiidae Busck, 1909 | Elachistidae |
| Eupterotidae | |
| Galacticidae | Plutellidae |
| Gelechiidae Stainton, 1854 | |
| Geometridae Leach, 1815 | |
| Glyphipterigidae Stainton, 1854 | |
| Gracillariidae Stainton, 1854 | |
| Hedylidae | Geometridae |
| Heliodinidae Heinemann & Wocke, 1876 | |
| Heliozelidae Heinemann & Wocke, 1877 | |
| Hepialidae Stephens, 1829 | |
| Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809 | |
| Heterobathmiidae | Micropterigidae |
| Heterogynidae Herrich-Schäffer, 1846 | |
| Himantopteridae | |
| Holcopogonidae Gozmany, 1967 | Autostichidae |
| Hyblaeidae | |
| Immidae Heppner, 1977 | Glyphipterigidae |
| Incurvariidae Spuler, 1898 | |
| Lacturidae | Yponomeutidae |
| Lasiocampidae Harris, 1841 | |
| Lecithoceridae Le Marchand, 1947 | Gelechiidae |
| Lemoniidae Dyar, 1896 | |
| Limacodidae Duponchel, 1845 | |
| Lophocoronidae Common, 1973 | |
| Lycaenidae Leach, 1815 | |
| Lymantriidae Hampson, 1893 | |
| Lyonetiidae Stainton, 1854 | |
| Lypusidae Heinemann, 1870 | Tineidae ou Psychidae ou Yponomeutidae |
| Megalopygidae | |
| Metachandidae Meyrick, 1911 | Oecophoridae or Gelechiidae |
| Micropterigidae Herrich-Schäffer, 1855 | |
| Mimallonidae | |
| Mirinidae | Bombycidae |
| Mnesarchaeidae | |
| Momphidae Herrich-Schäffer, 1857 | Coleophoridae |
| Neopseustidae | |
| Neotheoridae Kristensen, 1978. | |
| Nepticulidae Stainton, 1854 | |
| Noctuidae Latreille, 1809 | |
| Nolidae Hampson, 1894 | Noctuidae |
| Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 | |
| Nymphalidae Swainson, 1827 | |
| Oecophoridae Bruand, 1851 | |
| Oenosandridae Miller, 1991 | Notodontidae (Thaumatopoeidae) |
| Opostegidae Meyrick, 1893 | |
| Palaeosetidae | |
| Palaephatidae | Tineidae |
| Pantheidae Smith, 1898 | Noctuidae |
| Papilionidae Latreille, 1802 | |
| Pieridae Duponchel, 1835 | |
| Plutellidae Guenee, 1845 | Yponomeutidae |
| Prodoxidae Riley, 1881 | |
| Prototheoridae | |
| Psychidae Boisduval, 1828 | |
| Pterolonchidae Meyrick, 1918 | Coleophoridae |
| Pterophoridae Zeller, 1841 | |
| Pyralidae Latreille, 1802 | |
| Riodinidae Grote, 1895 | Lycaenidae |
| Roeslerstammiidae Bruand, 1850 | |
| Saturniidae Boisduval, 1837 | |
| Schreckensteiniidae Fletcher, 1929 | |
| Scythrididae Rebel, 1901 | |
| Sematuridae | |
| Sesiidae Boisduval, 1828 | |
| Simaethistidae | Pyralidae |
| Somabrachyidae Hampson, 1920 | Megalopygidae |
| Sphingidae Latreille, 1802 | |
| Symmocidae Gozmany, 1957 | Autostichidae |
| Thyrididae Herrich-Schäffer, 1846 | |
| Tineidae Latreille, 1810 | |
| Tineodidae Meyrick, 1885 | |
| Tischeriidae Spuler, 1898 | |
| Tortricidae Latreille, 1802 | |
| Uraniidae | |
| Urodidae Kyrki, 1984 | |
| Whalleyanidae | Thyrididae |
| Yponomeutidae Stephens, 1829 | |
| Ypsolophidae Guenee, 1845 | Yponomeutidae |
| Zygaenidae Latreille, 1809 |
Os seguintes grupos foram classificados como famílias até a um passado recente e os seus nomes poderão estar ainda inclusos em bibliografia e em sítios da internet. Esta lista mostra onde essas supostas famílias estão agora classificadas.
| 'Família' | Agora incluida em |
|---|---|
| Deuterotineidae | Eriocottidae |
| Dilobidae | Noctuidae |
| Dioptidae | Notodontidae |
| Epiplemidae | Uraniidae |
| Glyphidoceridae | Symmocidae |
| Heliconiidae | Nymphalidae |
| Hypertrophidae | Oecophoridae |
| Lathrotelidae | Crambidae |
| Libytheidae | Nymphalidae |
| Manidiidae | Sematuridae |
| Megathymidae | Hesperiidae |
| Metarbelidae | Cossidae |
| Oinophilidae | Tineidae |
| Olethreutidae | Tortricidae |
| Oxytenidae | Saturniidae |
| Parnassiidae | Papilionidae |
| Peleopodidae | Oecophoridae |
| 'Família' | Agora incluida em |
|---|---|
| Pericopidae | Arctiidae |
| Phaloniidae | Tortricidae |
| Phyllocnistidae | Gracillariidae |
| Pseudarbelidae | Psychidae |
| Pterothysanidae | Callidulidae |
| Pyromorphidae | Zygaenidae |
| Ratardidae | Cossidae |
| Satyridae | Nymphalidae |
| Schistonoeidae | Gelechiidae |
| Stathmopodidae | Oecophoridae |
| Stenomidae | Oecophoridae |
| Strepsimanidae | Noctuidae |
| Thaumetopoeidae | Notodontidae |
| Thyatiridae | Drepanidae |
| Thyretidae | Arctiidae |
| Walshiidae | Cosmopterigidae |
| Xyloryctidae | Oecophoridae |
| Classificação dos lepidópteros europeus | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Superfamília: | Família: | Subfamília: | |||
| Acanthopteroctetoidea | Acanthopteroctetidae | | rowspan="7" style="background:#efefef;" |||||
| Alucitoidea | Alucitidae | ||||
| Axioidea | Axiidae | ||||
| Bombycoidea | Brahmaeidae | ||||
| Choreutoidea | Choreutidae | | style="background:#efefef;" | Choreutinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Millierinae||||
| Copromorphoidea | Carposinidae | | style="background:#efefef;" |||||
| Cossoidea | Cossidae | | style="background:#efefef;" | Cossinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Zeuzerinae||||
| Drepanoidea | Drepanidae | | style="background:#efefef;" | Drepaninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Thyatirinae||||
| Epermenioidea | Epermeniidae | | style="background:#efefef;" | Epermeniinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Ochromolopinae||||
| Eriocranioidea | Eriocraniidae | | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" |||||
| Galacticoidea | Galacticidae | ||||
| Gelechioidea | Agonoxenidae | |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Amphisbatidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Amphisbatinae |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Autostichidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Autostichinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Holcopogoninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Symmocinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Batrachedridae | rowspan="4" style="background:#efefef;" | |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Blastobasidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Chimabachidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Coleophoridae |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Cosmopterigidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Antequerinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Chrysopeleiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Cosmopteriginae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Deoclonidae | style="background:#efefef;" | |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Depressariidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Cryptolechiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Depressariinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Elachistidae | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Ethmiidae |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Gelechiidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Dichomeridinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Gelechiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Pexicopiinae |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Lecithoceridae | style="background:#efefef;" | Ceuthomadarinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Lecithocerinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Oditinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Momphidae | style="background:#efefef;" | |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Oecophoridae | style="background:#efefef;" | Deuterogoniinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Oecophorinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Pterolonchidae | rowspan="4" style="background:#efefef;" | |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Schistonoeidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Scythrididae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Stathmopodidae |-||||
| Geometroidea | | rowspan="8" style="background:#efefef;" | Geometridae | style="background:#efefef;" | Alsophilinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Archiearinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Desmobathrinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Ennominae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Geometrinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Larentiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Orthostixinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Sterrhinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Uraniidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Epipleminae|||||
| Gracillarioidea | | style="background:#efefef;" | Bucculatricidae | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Douglasiidae |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Gracillariidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Gracillariinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Lithocolletinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Phyllocnistinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Roeslerstammiidae | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" ||||||
| Hepialoidea | | style="background:#efefef;" | Hepialidae|||||
| Hesperioidea | Hesperiidae | Hesperiinae | |||
| Heteropterinae | |||||
| Pyrginae | |||||
| Incurvarioidea | | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" |Adelidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Adelinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Nematopogoninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" |Crinopterygidae | rowspan="4" style="background:#efefef;" | |- | style="background:#efefef;" |Heliozelidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" |Incurvariidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" |Prodoxidae |-Lasiocampoidea | | rowspan="5" style="background:#efefef;" | Lasiocampidae | style="background:#efefef;" |Chondrosteginae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Lasiocampinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Malacosominae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Pinarinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Poecilocampinae |-||||
| Micropterigoidea | | style="background:#efefef;" | Micropterigidae | style="background:#efefef;" ||||||
| Nepticuloidea | | style="background:#efefef;" | Nepticulidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Nepticulinae |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Opostegidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Oposteginae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Opostegoidinae|||||
| Noctuoidea | | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Arctiidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Arctiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Lithosiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Syntominae |- |- | rowspan="5" style="background:#efefef;" | Lymantriidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Arctorninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Calliterinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Lymantrinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Nygmininae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Orgyinae |- | rowspan="26" style="background:#efefef;" | Noctuidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Acontiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Acronictinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Aedeiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Amphipyrinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Bagisarinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Bryophilinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Calpinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Catocalinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Condicinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Cuculliinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Dilobinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Eublemminae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Eustrotiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Euteliinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Hadeninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Heliothinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Herminiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Hypeninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Micronoctuinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Noctuinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Pantheinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Plusiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Raphiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Rivulinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Strepsimaninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Tytinae |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Nolidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Chloephorinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Eariadinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Nolinae |- | rowspan="5" style="background:#efefef;" | Notodontidae | style="background:#efefef;" |Notodontinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Phalerinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Ptilodoninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Pygaerinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Stauropinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Thaumetopoeidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Thaumetopoeinae |-Papilionoidea | | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Lycaenidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Lycaeninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Riodininae |- | rowspan="9" style="background:#efefef;" | Nymphalidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Apaturinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Charaxinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Danainae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Heliconiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Libytheinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Limenitidinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Melitaeinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Nymphalinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Satyrinae |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Papilionidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Papilioninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Parnassiinae |- |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Pieridae | style="background:#efefef;" | Coliadinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Dismorphiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Pierinae |-Pterophoroidea | | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Pterophoridae | style="background:#efefef;" | Agdistinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Pterophorinae |-Pyraloidea | | rowspan="11" style="background:#efefef;" | Crambidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Acentropinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Cathariinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Crambinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Cybalomiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Evergestinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Glaphyriinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Odontiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Pyraustinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Schoenobiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Scopariinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Spilomelinae |- | rowspan="4" style="background:#efefef;" | Pyralidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Epipaschiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Galleriinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Phycitinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Pyralinae |-Schreckensteinioidea | | style="background:#efefef;" | Schreckensteiniidae | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" ||
| Sesioidea | | style="background:#efefef;" | Brachodidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Castniidae |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Sesiidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Sesiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Tinthiinae|||||
| Thyridoidea | | style="background:#efefef;" | Thyrididae | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" ||||||
| Tineoidea | | style="background:#efefef;" | Eriocottidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Lypusidae |- | rowspan="7" style="background:#efefef;" | Psychidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Epichnopteryginae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Naryciinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Oiketicinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Placodominae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Psychinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Taleporiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Typhoniinae |- | rowspan="13" style="background:#efefef;" | Tineidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Dryadaulinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Euplocaminae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Hapsiferinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Hieroxestinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Meessiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Myrmecozelinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Nemapogoninae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Perissomasticinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Scardiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Setomorphinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Stathmopolitinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Teichobiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Tineinae |-Tischerioidea | | style="background:#efefef;" | Tischeriidae | style="background:#efefef;" |||||
| Tortricoidea | | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Tortricidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Chlidanotinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Olethreutinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Tortricinae |-|||||
| Urodoidea | | style="background:#efefef;" | Urodidae | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" ||||||
| Yponomeutoidea | | style="background:#efefef;" | Acrolepiidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Bedelliidae |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Glyphipterigidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Glyphipteriginae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Orthoteliinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Heliodinidae | style="background:#efefef;" | |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Lyonetiidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Cemiostominae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Lyonetiinae |- |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Plutellidae | style="background:#efefef;" | |- | rowspan="4" style="background:#efefef;" | Yponomeutidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Argyresthiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Praydinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Scythropiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Yponomeutinae |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Ypsolophidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Ochsenheimeriinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Ypsolophinae |-|||||
| Zygaenoidea | | style="background:#efefef;" | Epipyropidae | rowspan="4" style="background:#efefef;" | |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Heterogynidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Limacodidae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Somabrachyidae |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Zygaenidae | style="background:#efefef;" | Chalcosiinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Procridinae |- | style="background:#efefef;" | Zygaeninae |-|||||
Natsværmere og sommerfugle | Schmetterlinge | Lepidoptera | Lepidóptero | Perhoset | Lepidoptera | Lepidoptera | 나비목 | פרפראים | Lepidoptera | チョウ目 | Motyle | kelebek
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