La famiglia delle Asteracee (Asteraceae Dumortier, 1822 conosciuta un tempo anche come Compositae) è una vasta famiglia di piante dicotiledoni dell'ordine delle Asterales.
Struttura
In generale hanno fiori sessili, riuniti in infiorescenze a capolino, con eccezioni come Achillea che presenta ombrelle.
I fiori sono ermafroditi e la corolla è gamopetala. Gli stami sono 5. L'ovario è infero, può essere uniovulato o uniloculare.
Il frutto è un achenio.
Le Asteracee sono prevalentemente entomofile, ma spesso presentano autogamia o apogamia.
Vivono soprattutto nelle regioni temperate: sono presenti in gran numero anche in Italia.
Specie di particolare interesse
Molte specie di Asteracee hanno proprietà terapeutico-medicinali:
Altre sono commestibili: lattuga (Lactuca sativa), tarassaco (Taraxacum officinale), radicchio (Cichorium intybus), cicoria indivia (Cichorium endivia), carciofo (Cynara), ecc.
Da alcune composite come il girasole (Helianthus annuus) si ricava olio, altre forniscono gomma (Atractylis gummifera), altre vengono utilizzate per la preparazione di coloranti.
Classificazione
Le Asteracee vengono suddivise in due sottofamiglie:
La famiglia comprende più di 1.000 generi con circa 20.000 specie.
- A
''
Aaronsohnia,
Abrotanella,
Acamptopappus,
Acanthocephalus,
Acanthocladium,
Acanthodesmos,
Acantholepis,
Acanthospermum,
Acanthostyles,
Achillea,
Achnophora,
Achnopogon,
Achyrachaena,
Achyrocline,
Achyropappus,
Achyrophorus,
Achyrothalamus,
Acilepidopsis,
Acilepis,
Acmella,
Acomis,
Acourtia,
Acrisione,
Acritopappus,
Acroclinium,
Acroptilon,
Actinella,
Actinobole,
Actinomeris,
Actinoseris,
Actites,
Adelostigma,
Adenachaena,
Adenanthellum,
Adenocaulon,
Adenocritonia. Adenoglossa,
Adenoon,
Adenopappus,
Adenophyllum,
Adenostemma,
Adenostyles,
Adenothamnus,
Adventina,
Aedesia,
Aegopordon,
Aequatorium,
Aetheolaena,
Aetheorhiza,
Ageratella,
Ageratina,
Ageratinastrum,
Ageratum,
Agoseris,
Agrianthus,
Ainsliaea,
Ajania,
Ajaniopsis,
Alatosela,
Albertinia,
Alcantara,
Alcione,
Al dama,
Alepidocline,
Alfredia,
al iella,
Allagopappus,
Allardia,
Alloispermum,
Allopterigeron,
Almutaster,
Alomia,
Alomiella,
Alvordia,
Amauria,
Amberboa,
Amblyocarpum,
Amblyolepis,
Amblyopappus,
Amboroa,
Ambrosia,
Ameghinoa,
Amellus,
Ammobium,
Amolinia,
Ampelaster,
Amphiachyris,
Amphiglossa,
Amphipappus,
Amphoricarpos,
Anacantha,
Anacyclus,
Anaphalioides,
Anaphalis,
Anaxeton,
Ancathia,
Ancistrocarphus,
Ancistrophora,
Andryala,
Angelphytum,
Angianthus,
Anisochaeta,
Anisocoma,
Anisopappus,
Anisothrix,
Antennaria,
Anthemis,
Antillia,
Antiphiona,
Antithrixia,
Anura,
Anvillea,
Apalochlamys,
Aphanactis,
Aphanostephus,
Aphyllocladus,
Apodocephala,
Apopyros,
Aposeris,
Apostates,
Arbelaezaster,
Archibaccharis,
Arctium,
Arctogeron,
Arctotheca,
Arctotis,
Argyranthemum,
Argyroglottis,
Argyrovernonia,
Argyroxiphium,
Aristeguietia,
Arnaldoa,
Arnica,
Arnicastrum,
Arnoglossum,
Arnoseris,
Arrhenechthites,
Arrojadocharis,
Arrowsmithia,
Artemisia,
Artemisiopsis,
Asaemia,
Asanthus,
Ascidiogyne,
Aspilia,
Asplundianthus,
Aster,
Asteridea,
Asteriscus,
Asteromoea,
Asteropsis,
Asterothamnus,
Astranthium,
Athanasia,
Athrixia,
Athroisma,
Atractylis,
Atractylodes,
Atrichantha,
Atrichoseris,
Austrobrickellia,
Austrocritonia,
Austroeupatorium,
Austrosynotis,
Axiniphyllum,
Ayapana,
Ayapanopsis,
Aylacophora,
Aynia,
Aztecaster.
- B
Baccharidopsis, Baccharis, Baccharoides, Badilloa, Baeria, Baeriopsis, Bafutia, Bahia, Bahianthus, Baileya, Baillieria, Balduina, Balsamita, Balsamorhiza, Baltimora, Barkleyanthus, Barnadesia, Barrattia, Barroetea, Barrosoa, Bartlettia, Bartlettina, Basedowia, Bebbia, Bedfordia, Bejaranoa, Bellida, Bellis, Bellium, Belloa, Berardia, Berkheya, Berlandiera, Berroa, Berylsimpsonia, Bidens, Bigelowia, Bishopalea, Bishopanthus, Bishopiella, Bishovia, Blainvillea, Blakeanthus, Blakiella, Blanchetia, Blennosperma, Blennospora, Blepharipappus, Blepharispermum, Blepharizonia, Blumea, Blumeopsis, Boeberastrum, Boeberoides, Bolanosa, Bolocephalus, Boltonia, Bombycilaena, Borkonstia, Borrichia, Bothriocline, Brachanthemum, Brachionostylum, Brachyactis, Brachyclados, Brachyglottis, Brachylaena, Brachyris, Brachyscome, Brachythrix, Bracteantha, Brauneria, Brickellia, Brickelliastrum, Brocchia, Bryomorphe, Buphthalmum, Burkartia.
- C
Cabreriella, Cacalia, Cacaliopsis, Cacosmia, Cadiscus, Caesulia, Calea, Calendula, Callicephalus, Callichroa, Callilepis, Calliopsis, Callistephus, Callistemma, Calocephalus, Calomeria, Calostephane, Calotesta, Calotis, Calycadenia, Calycoseris, Calyptocarpus, Camchaya, Campovassouria, Camptacra, Campuloclinium, Campylotheca, Canadanthus, Cancrinia, Cancriniella, Cardopatium, Carduncellus, Carduus, Carelia, Carlina, Carminatia, Carpesium, Carphephorus, Carphochaete, Carramboa, Carterothamnus, Carthamus, Cassinia, Castalis, Castanedia, Castrilanthemum, Catamixis, Catananche, Catatia, Cavalcantia, Cavea, Celmisia, Centaurea, Centaurodendron, Centauropsis, Centaurothamnus, Centipeda, Centratherum, Centromadia, Cephalipterum, Cephalopappus, Cephalophora, Cephalorrhynchus, Cephalosorus, Ceratogyne, Ceruana, Chacoa, Chaenactis, Chaetadelpha, Chaetanthera, Chaetopappa, Chaetoseris, Chamaechaenactis, Chamaegeron, Chamaemelum, Chamaepeuce, Chamaepus, Chamissomneia, Chaptalia, Chardinia, Charieis, Cheiroloma, Cheirolophus, Chersodoma, Chevreulia, Chiliadenus, Chiliocephalum, Chiliophyllum, Chiliotrichiopsis, Chiliotrichum, Chimantaea, Chionolaena, Chionopappus, Chlamydophora, Chloracantha, Chondrilla, Chondropyxis, Chresta, Chromolaena, Chromolepis, Chronopappus, Chrysactinia, Chrysactinium, Chrysanthellum, Chrysanthemoides, Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthoglossum, Chrysocephalum, Chrysocoma, Chrysogonum, Chrysolaena, Chrysoma, Chrysophthalmum, Chrysopsis, Chrysothamnus, Chthonocephalus, Chucoa, Chuquiraga, Cicerbita, Ciceronia, Cichorium, Cineraria, Cirsium, Cissampelopsis, Cladanthus, Cladochaeta, Clappia, Clavigera, Cleistanthium, Clibadium, Cnicothamnus, Cnicus, Coespeletia, Coleocoma, Coleostephus, Colobanthera, Columbiadoria, Comaclinium, Comborhiza, Commidendrum, Complaya, Condylidium, Condylopodium, Conocliniopsis, Conoclinium, Conyza, Coreocarpus, Coreopsis, Corethamnium, Corethrogyne, Correllia, Corymbium, Cosmos, Cotula, Coulterella, Cousinia, Cousiniopsis, Craspedia, Crassina, Crassocephalum, Cratystylis, Cremanthodium, Crepidiastrum, Crepis, Critonia, Critoniadelphus, Critoniella, Critoniopsis, Crocidium, Cronquistia, Cronquistianthus, Croptilon, Crossostephium, Crossothamnus, Crupina, Cryptostemma, Cuatrecasanthus, Cuatrecasasiella, Cuchumatanea, Culcitium, Cullumia, Cuspidia, Cyanthillium, Cyathocline, Cyathomone, Cyclachaena, Cyclolepis, Cylindrocline, Cymbolaena, Cymbonotus, Cymbopappus, Cynara, Cyrtocymura.
- D
Dacryotrichia, Dalia, Damnamenia, Damnxanthodium, Dasycondylus, Dasyphyllum, Daveaua, Decachaeta, Decastylocarpus, Decazesia, Deinandra, Delairea, Delamerea, Delilia, Dendranthema, Dendrocacalia, Dendrophorbium, Dendrosenecio, Dendroseris, Denekia, Desmanthodium, Dewildemania, Diacranthera, Dianthoseris, Diaphractanthus, Diaspananthus, Dicercoclados, Dichaetophora, Dichrocephala, Dichromochlamys, Dicoma, Dicoria, Dicranocarpus, Didelta, Dielitzia, Dieteria, Digitacalia, Dimeresia, Dimerostemma, Dimorphocoma, Dimorphotheca, Dinoseris, Diodontium, Diplazoptilon, Diplopappus, Diplostephium, Diplothrix, Dipterocome, Dipterocypsela, Disparago, Dissothrix, Distephanus, Disynaphia, Dithyrostegia, Dittrichia, Doellingeria, Dolichoglottis, Dolichorrhiza, Dolichothrix, Dolomiaea, Doniophyton, Dorobaea, Doronicum, Dracopis, Dresslerothamnus, Dubautia, Dubyaea, Dugaldia, Dugesia, Duhaldea, Duidaea, Duseniella, Dymondia, Dyscritogyne, Dyscritothamnus, Dysodiopsis, Dysodium, Dyssodia.
- E
''Eastwoodia, Eatonella,
Echinacea,
Echinops, Eclipta, Egania, Elephantopus, Embergeria, Emilia, Encelia, Enceliopsis, Engelmannia, Erato, Erechtites, Ericameria, Erigeron,
Eriocarpum,
Eriocephalus,
Eriophyllum, Erlangea, Erythrochaete, Espeletia, Ethulia, Eucephalus,
Eumorphia, Eupatoriadelphus, Eupatorium, Euphrosyne, Eurybia, Euryops, Euthamia, Evax
- F
''Felicia, Ferdinanda, Filaginella, Filago, Filifolium, Flaveria, Florestina, Flotovia, Flourensia, Franseria
- G
''
Gaertneria, Gaillardia, Galactites, Galinsoga, Gamochaeta, Gamolepis, Gazania, Geigeria, Georgina, Geraea,
Gerbera, Geropogon, Glebionis, Glyptopleura, Gnaphalium, Gochnatia, Gonospermum, Gorteria, Grangea, Grindelia, Guizotia, Gundelia,
Gutenbergia, Gutierrezia, Gymnocoronis, Gymnolomia, Gymnopsis, Gymnostyles, Gynoxys, Gynura
- H
''Halea, Haplopappus, Harpalium, Hazardia, Hebeclinium, Hecastocleis, Hedypnois, Helenium, Helianthella,
Helianthus,
Helichrysum,
Heliomeris, Heliopsis, Helipterum, Helminthia, Helminthotheca, Hemizonia, Hertia, Hesperevax, Hesperomannia, Heteranthemis, Heterochaeta, Heterolepis, Heteropappus, Heterotheca, Hieracium, Hippia, Holocarpha, Holozonia, Homogyne, Homopappus, Hulsea, Humea, Hyalis, Hymenoclea, Hymenopappus, Hymenothrix, Hymenoxys, Hyoseris, Hypericophyllum, Hypochaeris, Hypochoeris, Hysterionica
- I
''Ifloga, Inula, Iostephane, Ismelia, Isocoma, Iva, Ixeridium, Ixeris, Ixiolaena
- J
''Jasonia, Jaumea, Johannia, Jurinea
- K
''Kalimeris, Kentrophyllum, Kleinia, Koanophyllon, Krigia, Kuhnia
- L
Lachnophyllum, Laciniaria, Lactuca, Laennecia, Lagascea, Lagedium, Lagenophora, Lagophylla, Lamyropsis, Lappa, Lapsana, Lasiospermum, Lasthenia, Launaea, Lawrencella, Leibnitzia, Leiboldia, Lembertia, Leontodon, Leontopodium, Lepidaploa, Lepidospartum, Leptinella, Leptocarpha, Leptosyne, Lessingia, Lessingianthus, Leucanthemella, Leucanthemopsis, Leucanthemum, Leucelene, Leucogenes, Leucomeris, Leucopsis, Leuzea, Liatris, Lidbeckia, Ligularia, Linosyris, Linzia, Lipochaeta, Lonas, Lugoa, Luina, Lycoseris, Lygodesmia
- M
''Machaeranthera, Madaroglossa, Madia, Malacothrix, Malperia, Mantisalca, Marshallia, Matricaria, Melampodium, Melanthera, Mendezia, Microcephala, Microglossa, Micropus, Microseris, Mikania, Milleria, Mirasolia, Molina, Monolopia, Monoptilon, Montanoa, Moscharia, Mulgedium, Munzothamnus, Mustelia, Mutisia, Mycelis, Myriactis, Myriocephalus
- N
''Nabalus, Nananthea, Nardosmia, Neomirandea, Nestlera, Neurolaena, Nicolletia, Nidorella, Nipponanthemum, Nivellea, Nolletia, Nothocalais, Noticastrum, Notobasis
- O
''Odontospermum, Oglifa, Olearia, Olgaea, Oligocarpus, Onopordum, Onoseris, Oonopsis, Ophryosporus, Ormenis, Orochaenactis, Osmadenia, Osteospermum, Otanthus, Othonna, Oxytenia, Ozothamnus
- P
''Pachystegia, Palafoxia, Pallenis, Pappobolus, Paraixeris, Parasenecio, Parthenium, Pascalia, Pectis, Pentachaeta, Pentanema, Pentzia, Perdicium, Perezia, Pericallis, Pericome, Perityle, Pertya, Perymenium, Petasites, Petradoria, Peucephyllum, Phaenocoma, Phaenopus, Phagnalon, Phalacroseris, Phoebanthus, Phymaspermum, Picnomon, Picradenia, Picradeniopsis, Picridium, Picris, Pilosella, Piqueria, Pityopsis, Placus, Plagius, Plazia, Pleurocoronis, Pluchea, Podachaenium, Podanthus, Podolepis, Podospermum, Polyachyrus, Polycalymma, Polychaetia, Polymnia, Polypteris, Porcellites, Porophyllum, Prenanthella, Prenanthes, Prionopsis, Proustia, Psathyrotes, Pseudelephantopus, Pseudobahia, Pseudognaphalium, Pseudogynoxys, Psilactis, Psilocarphus, Psilostrophe, Pterocypsela, Pteronia, Pteropogon, Ptilocalais, Ptiloria, Ptilostemon, Pulicaria, Pyrethrum, Pyrrhopappus, Pyrrocoma
- R
''Rafinesquia, Raillardella, Raillardiopsis, Railliardia, Raoulia, Ratibida, Rayjacksonia, Reichardia, Relhania, Remya, Rhagadiolus, Rhaponticum, Rhodanthe, Rhodanthemum, Riddellia, Rigiopappus, Robertia, Rolandra, Rosenia, Rudbeckia
- S
''Salmea, Santolina, Sanvitalia, Sartwellia,
Saussurea, Scalesia, Scalia, Scariola, Schizophyllum, Schkuhria, Schlechtendalia, Schoenia,
Sclerocarpus, Scolymus, Scorzonella,
Scorzonera,
Senecio, Seridia, Seriphidium, Serratula, Shawia, Sideranthus, Siegesbeckia, Sigesbeckia, Silphium, Silybum, Simsia, Sinacalia, Smallanthus,
Solanecio, Solidago, Solidaster, Soliva, Sonchus, Soroseris, Sphaeranthus, Sphaeromeria, Sphagneticola, Sphenogyne, Spilanthes, Staehelina, Staehlina, Stebbinsoseris, Steirodiscus, Stemmacantha, Stenachaenium, Stenactis, Stenotus, Stephanomeria, Steptorhamphus, Stevia, Stifftia, Stilpnopappus, Stobaea, Stoebe, Stokesia, Strophopappus, Stylocline, Swammerdamia, Symphyotrichum, Syncarpha, Syncretocarpus, Synedrella, Syntrichopappus
- T
''Taeckholmia,
Tagetes, Tanacetum,
Taraxacum, Tarchonanthus, Telekia, Tephroseris, Tessaria, Tetracarpum, Tetradymia, Tetragonotheca, Tetramolopium, Tetraneuris, Thelechitonia, Thelesperma, Thymophylla, Tithonia, Tolpis, Tonestus, Townsendia, Tracyina,
Tragoceros, Tragopogon, Trichocoronis, Trichogyne, Tricholepis, Trichoptilium, Tridax, Trilisa, Trimorpha, Tripleurospermum, Tripolium, Tripteris, Trixis, Tuckermannia,
Tussilago, Tyrimnus
- U
''Uhdea, Uropappus, Urospermum, Ursinia
- V
''Vanillosmopsis, Venegasia, Venidium, Verbesina, Vernonanthura, Vernonia, Veslingia, Vicoa, Viguiera, Villanova, Vittadinia, Volutaria
- W
''Warionia, Webbia, Wedelia, Whitneya, Wilkesia, Willemetia, Willoughbya, Wollastonia, Wyethia
- X
''Xanthisma,
Xanthium, Xanthocephalum, Xanthochrysum, Xeranthemum, Ximenesia, Xylanthemum, Xylorhiza
- Y
''
Youngia
- Z
Zacintha, Zaluzania, Zexmenia, Zinnia.
Collegamenti
Asteraceae
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"Asteraceae"