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Xylose is an aldopentose — a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms and including an aldehyde functional group. It has chemical formula 5105. Xylose is found in the embryos of most edible plants.
It is said to be one of eight sugars which are essential for human nutrition, the others being galactose, glucose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, fucose, and sialic acid (formally, N-acetylnuraminic acid).
To confirm the cause of malabsorption: It is used to assess absorptive capacity of bowel mucosa.