Timothy-grass (Phleum pratense), is an abundant perennial grass native to most of Europe except for the Mediterranean region. It grows to 50–150 cm tall, with leaves up to 45 cm long and 1 cm broad. The flowerhead is 7–15 cm long and 8–10 mm broad, with densely packed spikelets.

Timothy-grass can be confused with Meadow Foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis) and Purple-stem Cat's-tail (Phleum phleoides).

There are two subspecies:

• Phleum pratense subsp. pratense. Larger, to 150 cm tall. Widespread.
• Phleum pratense subsp. bertolonii. Smaller, to 70 cm tall. Calcareous grassland.

Cultivation and uses

It is commonly grown for cattle feed and as hay for horses. It is relatively high in fibre, especially when cut late. Its pollen is a common allergen.

Timothy-grass was unintentionally introduced to North America by early settlers, and was first formally described in 1711 by John Herd from plants growing in New Hampshire. Herd named the grass "herd grass" but a farmer named Timothy Hanson began to promote cultivation of it as a hay about 1720, and the grass has been known by its present name since then. Timothy hay is a staple food for domestic pet rabbits, guinea pigs, and degus, often making up the bulk of their diet.

References

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• Flora Europaea: Phleum pratense

Grasses

Wiesen-Lieschgras | Fléole des prés | Timoteegras | Timotei | Bojínek luční | Tymotka łąkowa | Timotei | Timotej