Thin films are material layers of about 1 µm thickness. Electronic semiconductor devices and optical coatings are the main applications benefiting from thin film construction. Some work is being done with ferromagnetic thin films as well for use as computer memory.

Ceramic thin films are also in wide use. The relatively high hardness and inertness of ceramic materials make this type of thin coating of interest for protection of substrate materials against corrosion, oxidation and wear. In particular, the use of such coatings on cutting tools may extend the life of these items by several orders of magnitude.

Thin-film technologies are also being developed as a means of substantially reducing the cost of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The rationale for this is that thin-film modules are expected to be cheaper to manufacture owing to their reduced material costs, energy costs, handling costs and capital costs. However, thin films have had to be developed using new semiconductor materials, including amorphous silicon, copper indium diselenide, cadmium telluride and film crystalline silicon. In all cases, these technologies face major technical and financial hurdles.

Techniques

• Thin-film deposition in CBD method
  • Sputtering
  • Chemical vapor deposition
  • Molecular beam epitaxy
  • Sol-Gel Process
  • Spin coating
  • Pulsed laser deposition

See also

• Thin-film optics
  • Dispersion (optics)
• Thin-film transistor
• Thin film memory

Semiconductors | Materials science | Thin films

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