The sousaphone is a type of tuba often used in a marching band. It is named after John Philip Sousa, the famous march composer and conductor.

The sousaphone was developed in the 1890s by J.W. Pepper at the request of Sousa, who was unhappy with the tubas used at that time by the Marine band. At that time they used hélicons, that resemble sousaphones somewhat, but have a bell that points in a direction somewhere between up and forward. The original sousaphones had upright bells, and today are nicknamed "raincatchers". Sousa wanted a tuba that would send sound upward and over the band with a full warm tone, rather than the directional helicons. Contrary to popular belief, it was not initially developed as a marching instrument; the bellfront version did not debut until the mid-1920s. (The professional band Sousa started after leaving the Marines marched only once in its existence.)

Today, the sousaphone is a valved brass instrument with the same tube length as other tubas, but shaped differently so that the bell is above the head, the valves are situated directly in front of the musician a few inches above the waist, and most of the weight rests on one shoulder. Thus, the sousaphone can be carried far more easily than a traditional concert tuba, while still retaining the tuba sound. The bell is normally detachable from the instrument body to facilitate storage.

Most sousaphones are tuned to Bb; and have parts written in the bass clef, although some sousaphones are tuned to Eb;. Sousaphones generally come with a three valve configuration, rather than the four valves often used on modern concert tubas.

In recent years, sousaphones have been available made of fiberglass instead of brass. The fiberglass versions are mainly used as practice horns, and are rarely used in performances.

In large marching bands, the bell is often covered with a tight fitting cloth, called a sock, which enables the sousaphone section to spell out the school's name, initials, or mascot (and reduce the possibility of a spectator throwing objects into the large, inviting target).

The sousaphone is an important fixture of the New Orleans brass band tradition, and is still used in groups such as the Dirty Dozen Brass Band.

Brass instrumentsMarching band instruments

Sousaphon | Sousafón | Soubassophone | Sousafón | Sousafono | סוזאפון | Szouszafon | Sousafoon | スーザフォン | Suzafon | Sousaphone | Sousafon