Second-order cybernetics investigates the construction of models of cybernetic systems. It investigates cybernetics with awareness that the investigators are part of the system, and of the importance of self-referentiality, self-organizing, etc.

See, for example:

• the work of Heinz von Foerster, Gordon Pask, Ranulph Glanville, Paul Pangaro
• Principia Cybernetica
• Cybernetics and Second-Order Cybernetics
• New Order from Old: The Rise of Second-Order Cybernetics and Implications for Machine Intelligence

Cibernética de segundo orden

Cybernetics