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The philtrum (Greek philtron, "love potion") is the vertical groove in the upper lip, formed where the nasomedial and maxillary processes meet during embryonic development. When these processes fail to fuse fully, a cleft lip (sometimes called a "hare lip") can result. The ancient Greeks used to believe that this benign spot was one of the most erogenous spots on the human body, hence the etymology.
The lack of a philtrum can be considered a symptom of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.*
Folklore
According to the Jewish Talmud (Niddah 30b), God sends an angel to each womb and teaches a baby all the wisdom that can be obtained. Just before the unborn baby comes out, the angel touches it between the upper lip and the nose and all that it has taught the baby is forgotten.
Commentries on this particular story can be found in "What the Angel Taught you" by Rabbi Noah Weinberg and Yaakov Salomon (ISBN 1-57819-134-3).
Similarly, in other folksayings, it is said that an angel "shushes" the baby in the womb, to stop it from talking about heaven, or to forget. Other stories say that it is an indent left by the finger of God.
See also
"Philtrum"