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The phrase personal God is religious term used far more often by laypeople than by theologians due to its numerous connotations.
Definitions
The broadest definition of this term is a God who is a personal being, i.e. a being with a personality, including the capacity to reason and feel love. In the case of the Christian belief in the Trinity, God is a personal being in manifested in three persons, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. This view is intended to challenge the concept of a deity who is merely a guiding principle, a blind creative force or a philosophical ideal.
A narrower interpretation of a personal God is a deity who takes a personal interest in the world in general and worshippers in particular. This view is intended to challenge a deistic outlook.
A still narrower definition would be a God whose personal interest in His worshippers is so great that the deity communicates directly with them and actively intervenes in their lives through miracles.
The most restrictive interpretation of a personal God is a deity that is solely concerned with his worshippers, having pity at best and animosity at worst towards non-believers. Jehovah, the jealous God of the Torah, was the personal God of the Jews. Most modern denominations believe that they have the clearest understanding of what God wants, but some modern fundamentalists suggest that those who are not members of their church will experience damnation.
Past and Present Views
In medieval theology, God was frequently envisioned as behaving like a king, haughty and unconcerned with the fate of his vassals. Puritan theologians sometimes depicted God as a minister, openly disgusted with the sinfulness of his creations. By the twentieth century, however, most Liberal Christianity denominations, shaped by Christian humanism, advocated belief in a personal God according to the second or third definition, depicting Him as loving and caring.
Some critics have derided this phenomenon as pandering to an increasingly choosy and self-interested market; worshippers who don't feel God loves them back will look elsewhere for what the rock band Depeche Mode cynically referred to as a "Personal Jesus."
"Personal God"