Perovskite (calcium titanium oxide, CaTiO₃) is a relatively rare mineral occurring in orthorhombic (pseudocubic) crystals. Perovskite is found in contact metamorphic rocks and associated mafic intrusives, nepheline syenites, and rare carbonatites. Perovskite was discovered in the Ural mountains of Russia by Gustav Rose in 1839 and named for Russian mineralogist, L. A. Perovski (1792-1856).

Under the high pressure conditions of the mantle the pyroxene enstatite, MgSiO₃, is a perovskite polymorph and may be the most common mineral in the Earth.

Perovskite is also the name of a more general group of crystals which take the same structure. See perovskite structure for details. The basic chemical formula follows the pattern ABO₃, where A and B are cations of different sizes (for example, LaMnO₃).The idealized structure is primitive cube, but differences in ratio between the A and B cations can distort the structure to a number of different so-called distortions, of which tilting is the most common one. The A cation is the cation in the middle of the cube and B is on the corners. The oxygen ions are on the centres of the unit cell faces.

There are also complex perovskites which contain two different B-site cations. This results in ordered and disordered variants. The ordered structure can be indexed by a trigonal unit cell, with the B-site ions at the centre of the oxygen octahedra.

The perovskite structure shares the property of ferroelectricity with garnet and olivine. Many superconducting ceramic materials have perovskite-like structures.

See also

• Diamond anvil
• List of minerals

Calcium minerals | Titanium minerals | Oxide minerals

Perovskita | Perowskit | Pérovskite | Perovskite | Perovskiet | ペロブスカイト構造 | Perowskit | Perovskita | Перовскит