The term neuroprotection means mechanisms within the nervous system which protect neurons from apoptosis or degeneration, for example following a braininjury or as a result of chronic neurodegenerative diseases. The word derives from the words "neuron" (Greek for nerve cell) and "protection" (Latin for "saving").

Nowadays there's a broad interest in how apoptosis and and neuroprotection act on the brain in situations as different as growing up and learning or being ill (stroke, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease).