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Media economics embodies economic theory and practical economic questions specific to media of all types. Of particular concern to media economics are the economic polices and practices of media companies and disciples including journalism and the news industry, film production, entertainment programs, print, broadcast, advertising and public relations. Deregulation of U.S. media, media ownership and concentration, market share, competitive economic strategies, "media tax." Media economics also have both social and economic implications.
World wide media
There is no definitive list of every radio and television station in the world. The National Association of Broadcasters cites the estimate from the U.S. C.I.A. World Fact Book, which reports that "as of January 2000, there are over 21,500 television stations and over 44,000 radio stations." (CIA World Fact Book references --Radio, TV)
In the United States the FCC provides a list of "Licensed Broadcast Station Totals (Index) 1990 to Present," which may be found here. According to the FCC report --
- The Commission has announced the following totals for broadcast stations licensed as of March 31, 2004
UHF COMMERCIAL TV 773 VHF COMMERCIAL TV 589 UHF EDUCATIONAL TV 255 VHF EDUCATIONAL TV 127 _____________________________________________ TOTAL 1744
CLASS A UHF STATIONS 498 CLASS A VHF STATIONS 112 _____________________________________________ TOTAL 610
FM TRANSLATORS & BOOSTERS 3842 UHF TRANSLATORS 2658 VHF TRANSLATORS 2079 _____________________________________________ TOTAL 8579
UHF LOW POWER TV 1605 VHF LOW POWER TV 523 _____________________________________________ TOTAL 2128
Advertising revenues
In the United States, a report from the Radio Advertising Bureau (RAB) states that in 2002, radio's revenue reached $19.4 billion, an increase of 5.7% from the $17.7 billion earned in 2001. For additional details see RAB's Radio Fact Book. Total broadcast revenues for 2001 were $54.4 billion, as reported by The Television Advertising Bureau (TVB).
Advertiser spending
- Quote -- "Annually advertisers spend approximately $150 billion to sponsor TV and radio programs, in the hopes of making two-to-three times as much in return from media consumers who buy their products and services (Fox, 2002). From the 1970s to the 1990s, the daily number of ads targeted at the average American jumped from 560 to 3,000 (Fox, 2002). In that same time frame, the number of ads to which children were exposed increased from 20,000 per year (Adler et al., 1977) to more than 40,000 per year (Kunkel & Gantz, 1992; also see Strasburger, 2001).: *
References
External links
- The Journal of Media Economics
- The Centre for Media Economics "an independent research unit formally organised under the Department of Public Governance at the Norwegian School of Management (BI), located in Sandvika, outside Oslo.
- 6th World Media Economics Conference, Montréal, Canada, May 12-15, 2004
- The media, economics and education - economic information - Editorial
- Robert W. McChesney "McChesney is the author of eight books on media and politics, professor of communication at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and host of the weekly talk show, Media Matters"
- Media Economics: Theory and Practice "focuses on the principles of economics in the business sector and applies them to specific media industries. It examines the process of media economics decision making through an exploration of such topics as industrial restructuring, regulatory constraints upon media operations, and changing economic value, providing key insights into media business activities." (PDF file)
- The Economics of Media Violence A paper.
- Arbitron
- NAB Radio/TV Ad Revenues
- * "Focussing on new media business models, in particular those which use Open Contente Licenses"
"Media economics"