Machete

The machete (International Phonetic Alphabet: ) is a cleaver-like tool that looks like a very large knife. The blade is typically 50–60 cm (18–24 in) long, usually with a thin blade under 3mm thick. In the English language, an equivalent term is matchet.

The machete is normally used to cut through thick vegetation such as sugar cane or jungle undergrowth but it can also be used as an offensive weapon. There are many specialized designs for different regions, tasks, and budgets.

The modern machete is very similar to some forms of the medieval falchion (a type of sword), differing mainly in the lack of a guard and a simpler hilt.

Cultural Variations

The Swahili panga is a variant used in East Africa, with a broader blade and a squared off tip.

In Hong Kong, the machete is a widely used weapon by the Triads. It is sometimes referred to as a "watermelon knife" in Hong Kong by the Triads.

In the Philippines, the bolo is a very similar tool, but with the blade swelling just before the tip to make the knife even more tip-heavy for chopping. A longer and a more pointed tip bolo or itak (intended for combat) was also used during the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish, and later a signature weapon of guerillas in the Philippine-American War.

Other similar tools include the parang and the golok (from Malaysia and Indonesia); however, these tend to have shorter, thicker blades with a primary grind, and are more effective on woody vegetation. The Nepalese kukri is a curved blade which is often used for similar tasks. Some types of Chinese saber (dao) are similar.

In the Southern Brazil (state of Rio Grande do Sul), the machete is largely used by the native inhabitants. It's used to open ways through the jungle, and was used to fight against the Brazilian Empire in the farrapos' war (War of Tatters 1835-1845). There, the machete is called "facão" or "facón" (literally "big knife"). Today, there is a dance called dança dos facões (machetes' dance), that is danced in this region. In this dance (that is danced only by men), the dancers knock their machetes while dancing, simulating a battle.

As a weapon

Machetes were the primary weapon used by the Interahamwe militias in the Rwandan Genocide, as well as the signature tool/weapon of the Haitian Tonton Macoute. The machete was also one of the most common weapons during the Cuban Independence War. Slaves freed by Carlos Manuel de Céspedes agreed to fight against Spain, where their only weapons were the tool they used to cut the sugar cane in the La De Majagua plantation. They were used for similar purposes in Puerto Rico's Grito de Lares when the oppressed peasants took up arms against Spain. In 2002, a rebellion of peasants, many under the name of the Community Front in Defense of Land, in the Mexican municipality of San Salvador Atenco led the authorities to cancel a project to construct a new airport near Mexico City. In 2006, the same CFDL again took arms against the Mexican police.

Some tropical countries have a name for the blow of a machete; the Spanish machetazo is sometimes used in English. In Trinidad and Tobago, to hit someone with the flat of the blade is termed planass.

The Centro de Instrução de Guerra na Selva - CIGS (Instruction Center on Jungle Warfare) of Brazilian Army developed a 10-inch blade machete with a very pronounced clip point. In the same scabbard there´s a 5-inch blade Bowie knife and a sharpening stone. This called "jungle kit" is made by Indústria de Material Bélico do Brasil - IMBEL(Brazilian Bellic Material Industries).

Steel

Toughness is important because of the twisting and impact forces that the relatively thin blade may encounter, while edge retention is secondary. Medium to high carbon spring steels such as 1050 to 1095 are well suited to this application (with better machetes using the latter), and are relatively easy to sharpen. Stainless steel machetes should be avoided, as stainless cannot stand up to repeated impacts, and will easily break even if not abused.

After hardening, the blades must be tempered to maximum toughness, often nearly spring tempered. This also makes the blade relatively easier to sharpen.

Shape

A properly constructed machete will have a convex or flat primary bevel from the spine to the edge, which is formed by a secondary bevel. Better machetes will also have a slight distal taper.

Manufacturing shortcuts and quality declines

Since the 1950s, most modern factory-made machetes are of very simple construction, consisting of a blade and full-length tang punched from a single piece of flat steel plate of uniform thickness (and thus lack a primary grind), and a simple grip of two plates of wood or plastic bolted or rivetted together around the tang. Finally, one side is ground down to an edge — although some are made so cheaply that the purchaser is expected to finish the sharpening. These machetes are occasionally provided with a simple cord loop as a sort of lanyard, and a canvas scabbard — although in some regions where machetes are valuable, commonly used tools, the users may make decorative leather scabbards for them.

Machetes in entertainment

The machete is one of the better-known weapons of choice used by killer Jason Voorhees in the Friday the 13th series of horror films and as a prime weapon against the living dead.