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Lupus nephritis is an inflammation of the kidney caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a disease of the immune system. Apart from the kidneys, SLE can also damage the skin, joints and nervous system.
Signs and symptoms
Sufferers of lupus nephritis may or may not have symptoms of kidney disease, but it can manifest itself through weight gain, high blood pressure, dark urine or swelling around the eyes, legs, ankles or fingers.
Furthermore, they may suffer from other symptoms of lupus unrelated to kidney function. Such symptoms can include arthritis, fevers, gastro-intenstinal disturbances, headaches, fatigue, and fluid in the joints.
Diagnoses
Diagnoses may utilize blood and urine tests, X-rays and scans of the kidneys, and a kidney biopsy. The WHO classification has been replaced by the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Physician Society classification. Classes I and II are mesangial lupus. Class III is focal segmental sclerosis. Class IV is diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. Class V is membranous nephritis.
Treatment
Medicines which decrease swelling, lower blood pressure and decrease inflammation by suppressing the immune system. Patients may need to limit protein, sodium and potassium intake in their diet. Depending on the histology, renal function and degree of proteinuria, patients may require steroid therapy or chemotherapy regimens such as cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil or cyclosporine.
External links
"Lupus nephritis"