A lone pair is an electron pair without bonding or sharing with other atoms. It is found in the outermost electron shell of an atom. It often exhibits a negative polar character with its high charge density. It is used in the formation of a dative bond, for example, the creation of the hydroxonium, H₃O⁺, ion occurs when acids are dissolved in water and it is due to the oxygen atom donating a lone pair to the hydrogen ion.

See also

• Ligand
• Complex (chemistry)
• Highest occupied molecular orbital

Chemistry

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