Learning-by-doing is the concept of economic theory. It refers to the capability of workers to improve their productivity by regularly repeating the same type of action. The increased productivity is achieved through practice, self-perfection and minor innovations.

The concept of learning-by-doing has been used by Kenneth Arrow in his design of endogenous growth theory to explain effects of innovation and technical change.

Recently, it has become a popular explaining concept in the evolutionary economics and Resource-Based View (RBV) of the firm.

Toyota Production System is known for Kaizen, that is explicitly built upon learning-by-doing effects.