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House church is an informal term for a group of Christians gathering regularly or spontaneously in a home or on grounds not normally used for worship services, instead of a building dedicated to the purpose. Another term with the same meaning is "home church".

Some churches meet in houses because they lack a conventional church building; these are not normally regarded as house churches as the intent is to eventually move into an offsite facility.

Others meet in homes because they prefer to meet informally, because they believe it is an effective way of creating community and engaging in outreach, or because they believe small family-sized churches were a deliberate apostolic pattern in the first century and intended by Christ. Some, perhaps, meet in homes for several of these reasons.

Structure and organization

Overview
House churches should not be confused with "cell churches". A house church is not normally part of a larger, overseeing organization, although the group may associate informally with other Christians and house churches in networks reflecting equality rather than hierarchy. Those who meet in house churches regard themselves as belonging to the worldwide Church, but are self-governing and independent, generally without formal oversite relationships with established "institutional churches."

Self-understanding
Some within the house church "movement" therefore consider the term "house church" to be a misnomer, because the main issue for people who practice their faith in this manner is not the house but more the type of meeting that takes place; other titles which are sometimes used to describe this movement more functionally are "simple church", "relational church", "primitive church", "bodylife", "organic church" and similar terms.

Leadership
Some house churches have a conventional leadership structure, others have none. A commonly held belief in the modern day house church "movement" is that the Protestant Reformation did not go far enough to demonstrate a New Testament belief in the "priesthood of all believers" and that Jesus Christ alone is the Head of the Church, and the believers the body. The absence of hierarchical leadership structures in many house churches, while often viewed by the Protestant church at large as a sign of anarchy or rebelliousness to authority, is viewed by many in the house church movement to be the most viable way to come under true spiritual authority of love, relationships, and the visible dominion of Jesus Christ as Head of his own bride (i.e. the church).

Meeting format
As a rule, house church gatherings are free, informal, and sometimes include a shared meal. Participants hope that everyone present will feel free to contribute to the gathering as and when they sense the leading of the Holy Spirit to do so. Leadership structures range from no official leaders, to a plurality of appointed elders; however, there is a deliberate attempt within most house churches to minimize the leadership of any one person, and so having one pastor or leading elder (clergy) is generally frowned upon, in favor of a more plural responsibility of leadership diffused over several people or the members as a whole.

Networking
The house church movement today also owes much of its networking and exchange of information to the use of the Internet; HC is generally used as an abbreviation for "House Church" and IC is used to designate "Institutional Church" which is the generalized term for more traditional church structures, including a church building and/or sermon-centered church services directed by a pastor or minister.

Relationship to Established Churches and Missions Groups

History clearly demonstrates that there have at times been tensions between house church movements (along with other restoration and revival movements) on the one hand and more traditional churches on the other. Therefore, many house churches do not have formal links to larger Christian organizations and prefer to operate in this fashion as a matter of principle. However, more recently, a number of established Christian denominations and missions organizations are beginning to officially support efforts at developing networks of house churches even in Western nations where religious freedom is protected. These include The Free Methodist Church in Canada, The Foursquare Gospel Church of Canada, The Navigators of Canada, The Evangelical Fellowship of Canada, The Presbyterian Church in Canada, The Canadian Evangelical Christian Churches, Partners in Harvest, The Southern Baptist Convention (USA), Dove Christian Fellowship International, DAWN Ministries (Discipling a Whole Nation), and Youth With A Mission (YWAM), among others.

Christian Heritage Center (CHC) proclaimed March 2006 as House Church Month

To mark the importance of house churches—which have been a part of Christianity since the earliest days following Pentecost—the Christian Heritage Center (CHC) has proclaimed March as House Church Month. The CHC is a non-denominational Christian library and research center.

While many view the house church as a modern day phenomenon, in reality it dates back to the days of Peter, Paul, and John.

“The house church was one of the primary meeting places used by the church for the first few centuries,” says Greg Humphries, founder of the CHC. “They were there at the beginning and they’re here now. We believe it is important to honor their contribution to the advancement of the Gospel over the past two thousand years.”

Humphries says the New Testament bears out the existence of early house churches.

“There are four verses in particular that mention the church being in somebody’s home,” according to Humphries. “Solomon’s Porch, the synagogues, and the marketplace were all used for evangelism but the meeting place for the believers was in a home. In fact, the very first meeting of the church took place in a house, in the upper room as told in Acts 1.” The Bible shows that the apostle Paul urged believers to “greet the church that is in (Aquila and Priscilla’s) house” (Romans 16:3-5).

One of the early church fathers, Clement of Alexandria, speaks in his writings of a house being used as a place of worship. Likewise, a private house in Dura-Europos (near Baghdad) was excavated in the 1930’s and was found to be used as a Christian meeting place in AD 232, with one small room serving as the baptistery.

Historical references to house churches over the next sixteen-and-a-half centuries are not frequent since the movements that met in homes were generally outlawed, but it is known that the Waldensians—a severely persecuted group of believers in the 12th and 13th centuries—met in homes throughout Europe. Also, some early Anabaptists met in the home of Felix Manz, who was martyred before the age of 30 by followers of Ulrich Zwingli, the Swiss reformer. In the decades that followed, the movement grew into the tens of thousands meeting in homes across central Europe. Similar movements mentioned earlier include the Priscillianists, Quakers, Moravians, Methodists, and Brethren.

Source: *http://www.assistnews.net/Stories/s06020076.htm

Statistics on the House Church Movement

(Statistical Sources: Rad Zdero (2004), The Global House Church Movement, and Dawn Friday Fax, www.jesus.org.uk/dawn)

  • Cambodia: 1,000 new HC's in 10 years (1990 to 2000)
  • Canada: 200 HC's (as of 2001)
  • China: 80-100 million believers in HC's
  • Cuba: 6,000-10,000 HC's since 1992
  • Ethiopia: growth from 5,000 to 50,000 believers in HC's during the 1980's
  • India: approx. 40,000 to 60,000 HC's (as of 2004)
  • Sri Lanka: Kithu Sevena church movement started 131 new HC's in 7 months (in 2004)
  • Vietnam: one church planting team start 550 new HC's in 2 years (1997 to 1999)
  • U.S.A.: 1,600 HC's on internet alone (as of 2003) with possibly as many as 30,000 HC's (according to the American pollster George Barna)

Recommended Books

  • Steve Atkerson (ed.), Ekklesia: To the Roots of Biblical Church Life.
  • Robert & Julia Banks, The Church Comes Home, Hendrickson Pub.
  • Robert Banks, Going to Church in the First Century. Seedsowers Publishing
  • George Barna, Revolution.
  • Gilbert Bilezikian, Community 101, Zondervan Pub.
  • E.H. Broadbent, The Pilgrim Church.
  • Neil Cole, Organic Church
  • Albert James Dager, The House Assembly. Sword Publishers
  • Felicity Dale, An Army of Ordinary People
  • Tony & Felicity Dale, Simply Church
  • Dale, Getting Started: A Practical Guide to Planting Simple Churches (Karis Publishing)
  • Gene Edwards, Beyond Radical. Seedsowers Publishing
  • Gene Edwards, When the Church was Led by Laymen. Seedsowers Publishing
  • Robert Fitts, The Church in the House.
  • David Garrison, Church Planting Movements.
  • Roger Gehring, House Church and Mission (by far, the most comprehensive scholarly work on house churches in the first century)
  • Wayne Jacobsen, The Naked Church.
  • Wayne Jacobsen, Authentic Relationships.
  • Clifford James, The Blueprint (read online at http://www.theearlychurch.com)
  • Larry Kreider, House Church Networks.
  • Charles Newbold, The Crucified Ones.
  • Wolfgang Simson, Houses that Change the World.
  • R. Maurice Smith, A Kingdom A People & A River
  • Frank Viola, Rethinking the Wineskin.
  • Frank Viola, Pagan Christianity.
  • Frank Viola, So You Want to Start a House Church?
  • Frank Viola, Who is Your Covering?
  • Rad Zdero, The Global House Church Movement.

See also

  • Cell church
  • Church planting
  • Church in a pub
  • Chinese house church - be aware that Chinese house churches typically have a leadership structure (including a pastor) that resembles "underground traditionally structured churches" (or "cell churches") in contrast to what is generally considered to be a "house church" in countries with religious freedom and tolerance.

External links

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Discussion forums

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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the "House church".

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