A holarchy, in the terminology of Arthur Koestler, is a hierarchy of holons — where a holon is simply a part of a hierarchy which itself is a complex system. The term was coined in Koestler's 1967 book The Ghost in the Machine. The term is also used extensively by new age writer Ken Wilber.

The "nested" nature of holons, where one holon can be considered as part of another, is similar to the term Panarchy as used by Adaptive Management theorists Lance Gunderson and C.S. Holling.

The universe as a whole is an example of a holarchy, or holarchical system, and every other holarchy we are aware of is a part of this larger holarchy.

See also

• Heterarchy
• Panarchy

External links

• Brief essay on holarchies
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Networks