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- For information about compiler for the Clipper programming language see Harbour compiler
A harbor or harbour (see spelling differences), or haven, is a place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. Harbors can be man-made or natural. A man-made harbor will have sea walls or breakwaters and may require dredging. A natural harbor is surrounded on most sides by land.
Harbors and ports are often confused. A port is a man-made coastal or riverine facility where boats and ships can load and unload. It may consist of quays, wharfs, jetties, piers and slipways with cranes or ramps. A port may have magazine buildings or warehouses for storage of goods and a transport system, such as railway, road transport or pipeline transport facilities for relaying goods inland.
During the D-Day operations of 1944, two artificial harbors (codenamed Mulberry) were built just off the invasion beaches.
Natural harbors
A natural harbor is a landform where a body of water forms a harbor. Natural harbors have long been of great strategic and economic importance. Many of the great cities of the world are located on a natural harbor.
Ice-free harbors
For harbors near the poles, being ice-free is an important advantage, ideally all-year round. Examples are Murmansk (Russia), Petsamo (Russia, formerly Finland), Hammerfest, Vardø, and Prince Rupert or Halifax (Canada).
Notable harbors
The following places are large natural harbours:
- San Francisco Bay in the United States
- Mumbai in India
- Charleston in the United States
- Boston in the United States
- Kingston, in Jamaica
- Sydney Harbour in Australia
- Manila Bay in the Philippines
- Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Bay, in Brazil
- Bahia, Salvador, in Brazil
- Halifax in Canada
- Cork in the Republic of Ireland
- Falmouth in Cornwall, the United Kingdom
- Poole Harbour in Dorset, the United Kingdom
- Freetown Harbour in Sierra Leone
- Pearl Harbor, west of Honolulu, Hawaii
- Oslofjord, Norway
Artificial harbors are frequently built for use as ports. The largest artificially created harbor is located in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Other notable harbors include:
- Hampton Roads in Virginia, United States
- Keppel Harbour in Singapore
- Upper New York Bay in New York Harbor, United States
- Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong, People's Republic of China (see also List of harbours in Hong Kong)
- Manukau Harbour, Auckland, New Zealand
- Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand
- Trondheim, Norway
- Tromsø, Norway
- Portland Harbour in Dorset, England
See also
Ports and harbours | Coastal construction | Landforms | Nautical terms
Porzh (evit listri) | Přístav | Havn | Hafen | لنگرگاه | Port (marine) | Náttúruleg höfn | Haven | Haven | Naturleg hamn | Havn | Порт | Harbor | Hamn | துறைமுகம் | Liman
"Harbor"