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Guar gum, a natural gum, is an edible thickening agent extracted from the guar bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba).
Guar gum is a cold water soluble polysaccharide, consisting of a linear chain of (1->4) linked β-D-mannose residues, with every other residue having an attached (1->6) α-D-galactose residueFood Chemistry, Second Edition, Springer, 1999, page 293.. This ability to hydrate without heating makes it very useful in many industrial and food applications. Its E number is E-412.
Solutions with different gum concentrations can be used as emulsifiers and stabilizers because they prevent oil droplets from coalescing. Guar gum is also used as suspension stabilizer.
Industrial applications of guar gum
- Textile industry – sizing, finishing and printing
- Paper industry – improved sheet formation, folding and denser surface for printing
- Explosives industry – as waterproofing agent mixed with ammonium nitrate, nitroglycerin etc.
- Pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry - as thickener in toothpastes, conditioner in shampoos, and binder in tablets. It is also consumed as a dietary fiber.
- Oil and gas drilling, well fracturing
- Mining
Food applications
The largest market for guar gum (EU food additive code E412) is in the food industry, where guar gum is used as a thickener and binder of free water in sauces, salad dressings, ice creams, instant noodles, pet foods, processed meats, bread improvers and beverages to name some.
Guar gum has very similar properties to locust bean gum, which is extracted from the seeds of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua).
Demand for guar gum is still growing and the production of guar bean has expanded from India and Pakistan to other countries.
The dietary fiber supplement Benefiber consists of 100% Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum.
External links
References
Edible thickening agents | Pyrotechnic compositions | Gums
Guaran | Goma guar | Gomme de guar | Gomma di guar | Guma guar | Гуаровая камедь
"Guar gum"