Gourt Home::Gourt :: G
Related Topics:Gambling :: Gardening :: Guns :: Game_Studies :: Genres :: Golfers :: Graphic_Design :: Gyms :: G :: Golo_Golf
The letter G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is gee (jē, IPA *).
History
The letter G was created by the Romans because they felt that C was not an adequate letter to represent both /k/ and /g/.
- The first derived letter of the Latin alphabet can be dated to the 3rd century BCE. Latin phonology was different again from Etruscan; while Q was used for the labiovelar /kw/, C continued to represent /k/ before /e/ and /i/ as well as in other environments (K had become unpopular and fallen out of general use in favour of C). Latin had a voiced velar /ɡ/, however, which also had to be represented by C. The first Roman to open a fee-paying school, a freedman named Spurius Carvilius Ruga, amended the Latin script by replacing the seventh letter, Z, which represented the unneeded Greek sound /dz/, with a new letter, LATIN LETTER C WITH STROKE, which we have come to know as G. Note that Ruga's positioning of G shows that alphabetic order was a concern even in the 3rd century BCE. Sampson (1985) suggested that: "Evidently the order of the alphabet was felt to be such a concrete thing that a new letter could be added in the middle only if a 'space' was created by the dropping of an old letter." LATIN LETTER G is a derived letter which has become a basic letter of the Latin alphabet.[http://www.evertype.com/standards/wynnyogh/thorn.html
According to some records, the seventh letter, Z, had been purged from the Latin alphabet somewhat earlier in the 3rd century BC by the Roman censor Appius Claudius, who found it distateful and foreign*; thus, the issue of alphabetic order (also connected with Greek numerals) was still a concern in Spurius' day.
As the sound /k/ did, /g/ also developed palatal and velar allophones which is why today, G has different sound values in all Romance languages, as well as English (due to French influence).
and the "looptail G" Looptail g.PNG. The opentail version derives from the majuscule (capital) form by raising the serif that distinguishes it from a C to the top of the loop, thereby closing the loop, and extending the vertical stroke downward and to the left. The looptail form developed similarly, except that some ornate forms then extended the tail back to the right, and to the left again, forming a loop. The initial extension to the left was absorbed into the upper loop. The looptail version became popular when printing switched to "Roman type" because the tail was effectively shorter, making it possible to put more lines on a page. And in the looptail version, there is a tiny flick at the upper right which in typography is called its "ear."
for advanced voiced velar plosives and Looptail g.PNG for regular ones where the two are contrasted, but this suggestion was never accepted by phoneticians in general, and today Opentail g.PNG is the symbol used in the International Phonetic Alphabet, with Looptail g.PNG acknowledged as an acceptable variant.
Usage
In English, the letter can be pronounced as a "soft G" (IPA ), as in: giant, ginger, geology, or as a "hard G" (IPA ), as in: goose, gargoyle, game. In some words of French origin, as in French generally, the "soft G" is pronounced as IPA , as in rouge, beige, and genre. Generally, G is soft before E, I, and Y, and hard otherwise, but there are many English words of non-Romance origin where G is hard regardless of position, and three (gaol, margarine, and the name Sacagawea) in which it is soft even before an A. Some words like "judgment" have g making ) in the "wrong" place.
Most non-Romance languages pronounce G as regardless of position (however the Dutch language does not have a /g/ sound in its native words, and instead G is pronounced , a sound that does not occur in English) while in Romance languages the soft value varies, such as in French, Catalan, and Portuguese, in Italian, and in Castillian Spanish and in other dialects of Spanish. The general rule is that soft G is pronounced the same as the J of the same language.
Several digraphs are common in English. GH originally represented the letter yogh which English adopted from Old Irish, and took various values including , , , and . It now has a great variety of values, including in enough, in loan words like spaghetti, and silence in words like eight and night. GN, with value , is also common, as in sign.
In Italian, GH is used to force a value before E and I where G would take a soft value, and GN is used for (rather like English NY in canyon).
In Spanish, G before I or E is pronounced as the same as J. The Spanish poet Juan Ramón Jiménez proposed to simplify the Spanish spelling by using just the versions with j. The rest of Spanish speakers did not follow him, but his works, and the translations of Rabindranath Tagore made by Jiménez's wife Zenobia Camprubí, are published in his spelling.
Codes for computing
In Unicode the capital G is codepoint U+0047 and the lowercase g is U+0067.
The ASCII code for capital G is 71 and for lowercase g is 103; or in binary 01000111 and 01100111, correspondingly.
The EBCDIC code for capital G is 199 and for lowercase g is 135.
The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "G" and "g" for upper and lower case respectively.
Meanings for G
- In architecture, G sometimes labels a call button in elevators and may refer to either the "ground floor" or "garage floor".
- In astronomy, G is a provisional designation prefix for any comet, asteroid, or minor planet discovered between April 1 and 15 of a year.
- In biochemistry,
- In the CGS system of units, capital G is the symbol for the unit of magnetic induction, the gauss.
- In computer games,
- G is a character in Sega's House of the Dead series of arcade games.
- G represents currency in some computer role-playing games, meaning gold.
- G is the class of gnomes and g is a gremlin in the Roguelike game NetHack.
- In computing, G is a binary prefix for giga, meaning 230 = 1,073,741,824 (cf. G as an SI or metric prefix, given below).
- In economics, G is usually used to represent government spending or government expenditure.
- In electrical engineering, G is often used as the name of the variable for conductance.
- In English slang,
- G is short for a "grand", which is itself a slang term for a thousand currency units.
- g is a common way to refer to a gram of a substance in the illegal drug trade; although this is derived from the SI symbol, it would be unusual to refer to a gram as a 'g' in any other context in speech.
- G may refer to the drug methamphetamine.
- In film,
- G is a rating given by the Motion Picture Association of America, meaning the film is suitable for all ("general") audiences.
- G is a 1974 British film.
- G is a 2002 American independent film, later released to movie theaters in 2005.
- In finance, G is the New York Stock Exchange ticker symbol for The Gillette Company the letter G is often found in the Masonic Square and Compasses symbol. Its meaning is sometimes attributed, without authority, to the word "God" or "geometry".
- In international licence plate codes, G stands for Gabon.
- In literature, G. is the title of a novel by John Berger, awarded the Booker Prize in 1972.
- In music,
- G is a note.
- G is a solo album by Gerald Levert released in 2000.
- G stands for "gangsta", particularly in lyrics within the gangsta rap genre.
- In navigation, GEE is a British radio navigation device used during World War II.
- In programming languages, G is the graphical programming language used in LabVIEW.
- In physics,
- G is the gravitational constant.
- g (always in lowercase) is the unit of acceleration due to gravity.
- As the first letter of a postal code,
- In Canada, G stands for the eastern part of Quebec.
- In the United Kingdom, G stands for Glasgow.
- In psychometrics, g (always in lowercase) is the symbol for general intelligence.
- In radiocommunication, G is one of the ITU prefixes allocated to the United Kingdom.
- In the RGB color model, G stands for the color green.
- In sexology, the G-spot is a part of the vagina that allegedly causes an orgasm when stimulated.
- In the SI and metric systems of units:
- In sports,
- G is often an abbreviation for Goals or Goals Scored in score keeping.
- The G is the popular colloquial name for the Melbourne Cricket Ground.
- In statistics, G-tests are a type of statistical likelihood ratio test.
- In television,
See also
G | G | G | G | G | G | G | G | G | G | G | G | G | G | G | G | G | G | G | G | G | G | G (letter) | G | G | G | G | G | G (латиница) | G | G | G | G | G | G | G | G | G
"G"
