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Educational technology is the use of technology in education to improve learning and teaching. Educational technology is also known as instructional technology or learning technology.
The words educational and technology are often used in a more restrictive sense: educational referring to processes for the imparting of knowledge, skill, and judgement in children; technology referring to high technology, in particular information technology (IT). The particular case of the meaningful use of high-technology to enhance learning in K-12 classrooms and higher education is known as technology integration.
History
One of the earliest disciplines of educational technology was instructional systems design (ISD). This was used by the United States military during World War II, in order to train large numbers of people more effectively. In a common ISD model, the ADDIE Model, the steps involved are: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation.
Theories and practices
The Encyclopedia of Educational Technology places the theories and practices of educational technology into six categories: cognition and learning, analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation.
Cognition and learning
Cognition and learning is about the mechanisms by which people process information.See also: Active learning, Andragogy, Bloom's taxonomy, Cooperative learning, E-learning, Habituation, Sleep-learning, Metacognition, Overlearning, Operant conditioning, Situated learning, Observational learning, Zone of proximal development
Analysis
Analysis is the use of processes for gathering basic information needed for the design of a training programme. The results of analysis answer some basic questions: who?, what?, when? and where?See also: Human Performance Technology
Design
Design is the use of information gained from analysis to create an outline training programme.See also: Instructional Systems Design, ADDIE Model, Mind map, Distance education, SCORM, Blended learning, Mnemonic, Project-based learning, Information mapping
Development
Development is the building of an outline training programme into a usable training programme.See also: Assistive technology, Educational animation
Implementation
Implementation is the actual use of a completed training programme. Success relies heavily on the effectiveness of the trainer.See also: Concept map, Technology Integration
Evaluation
Evaluation is the assessment of the effectiveness of all aspects of training programme development. The results are used to improve the programme.See also: Computer-adaptive test, Educational evaluation, Rubrics (education), Usability testing
Societies and journals
Learned societies concerned with educational technology include:
- Association for Learning Technology
- Australian Society for Educational Technology
- International Society for Technology in Education
Journals on the subject of educational technology include:
- ALT-J - Research in Learning Technology
- Australasian Journal of Educational Technology
- Educational Technology & Society
- eSchool News and eSchool News Online
- International Journal of Educational Technology
- Journal of Educational Technology Systems
- Tech Learning
- i-manager's Journal on Educational Technology
See also
- Instructional technology
- Instructional theory
- Learning theory (education)
- Educational psychology
- Educational research
References
Further reading
- Encyclopedia of Educational Technology, a comprehensive resource of articles about Educational Technology, published by the Department of Educational Technology, San Diego State University
- Education Technology for TVET, a comprehensive blog for education technology for professional higher education, published by Prof. SK Soni, Bhopal, India
"Educational technology"