Many diseases in humans are thought to be directly or indirectly related to nutrition, These include, but are not limited to, deficiency diseases, caused by a lack of essential nutrients.

Additionally, several diseases are directly or indirectly impacted by dietary habits, and require very close attention to the nutrient content of food.

Overnutrition (eating too much)

Proteins/fats/carbohydrates

• Cardiovascular disease (Leading cause of death in the western world); a primary cause is thought to be ingestion of saturated fat and trans fat
• Some cancers
• Diabetes mellitus
• Insulin resistance
• Obesity
• Metabolic syndrome

Vitamins

• Vitamin poisoning

Microminerals and Macrominerals

• Iron overload disorder

Deficiencies (eating too little)

Proteins/fats/carbohydrates

• protein-energy malnutrition
  • kwashiorkor
  • marasmus

Vitamin

• beriberi
• rickets
• scurvy
• pellagra
• poor immune system function, potentially leading to a wide range of other illnesses.

Microminerals and Macrominerals

• metabolic or nutritionally related disease such as diabetes mellitus or endemic goitre
• zinc deficiency (growth retardation)
• osteoporosis - caused by calcium deficiency
• Iodine deficiency

See also

• Malnutrition
• Essential nutrient
• List of ICD-10 codes (E54-E64) -- detailed taxonomy
• Obesity

Dietetics | Malnutrition | Lists of diseases