Axial has different meanings:

• In geometry it means: along the same line as an axis (coaxial) or centerline: parallel (geometry), contrary to radial or perpendicular
• In anatomy it relates to an anatomical direction of animals and humans.
• In music it is a type of modal frame.
• In chemistry it relates to an axial bond or the vertical axis of a flat molecule, the opposite of equatorial.
• Historically, the Axial Age refers to the period from 800 to 200 b.c. during which intense intellectual development occurred in three different regions: China, India and the Occident.