In Malay, Yang di-Pertuan Besar is literally "He Who Is Made Great" or "Great Ruler". This is a royal title

In Malaysia

1. The elected monarch of the state of Negeri Sembilan in Malaysia, himself one of the electors of the federal Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
2. Other historical figures, especially

• • monarchs of the ancient Johor Empire (circa. 17th-19th Century), to differentiate from the "Yang di-Pertuan Muda" ("Under King") - who is usually not Malay but Bugis. However, this was a secondary title, the primary title being sultan.
• secondary title of the Sultans of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, of Kelantan, of Perak ur-Ridzwan, of Trengganu Dar us-Iman

In Insulinde

• secondary title of the Sultans of Asahan (on Sumatra), or Riau/Lingga, of Siak Sri Indrapura (on Sumatra, broken away from Johore)
• the original title of the Tuan Besar of Kubu (in the Indonesian part of Borneo)

Sources

• RoyalArk- see each monarchy, here Malaysia & Indonesia & ^*

Monarchs of Malaysia | Noble titles