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In computing, on the X Window System, X11 color names are represented in a simple text file, which maps certain strings to RGB color values. It is shipped with every X11 installation, hence the name, and is usually located in <X11root>/lib/rgb.txt.

It is not known who originally compiled the list. The list shows neither a continuity in selected color values nor in color names, and many color triplets have multiple names. Despite this, graphic designers and others got used to them making it practically impossible to introduce a more stringent and logical alias list.

The first versions of Mosaic and Netscape Navigator used the X11 colors as the basis for the Web colors list, as both were originally X11 applications.

Charts

These charts are not a standard set of colors to be found on any X11 system. Rather it is the standardised "X11 colors" accepted by browsers following the HTML and CSS standards. This set is cut down and rationalised, and has a few differences from, a typical rgb.txt file (especially, Green is different*). RGB values shown are normalised to the range 0 to 255.

Color names that clash between X11 and HTML/CSS

Color name Original X11 color name HTML and CSS color name
Sample Components (red, green, blue) Sample Components (red, green, blue)
hex. dec. hex. dec.
Gray   BEBEBE 190 190 190   808080 128 128 128
Green   00FF00 0 255 0   008000 0 128 0
Maroon   B03060 176 48 96   800000 128 0 0
Purple   A020F0 160 32 240   800080 128 0 128

Color names identical between X11 and HTML/CSS

Color name Sample Components (red, green, blue)
hex. dec.
AliceBlue   F0F8FF 240 248 255
AntiqueWhite   FAEBD7 250 235 215
Aqua   00FFFF 0 255 255
Aquamarine   7FFFD4 127 255 212
Azure   F0FFFF 240 255 255
Beige   F5F5DC 245 245 220
Bisque   FFE4C4 255 228 196
Black   000000 0 0 0
BlanchedAlmond   FFEBCD 255 235 205
Blue   0000FF 0 0 255
BlueViolet   8A2BE2 138 43 226
Brown   A52A2A 165 42 42
BurlyWood   DEB887 222 184 135
CadetBlue   5F9EA0 95 158 160
Chartreuse   7FFF00 127 255 0
Chocolate   D2691E 210 105 30
Coral   FF7F50 255 127 80
CornflowerBlue   6495ED 100 149 237
Cornsilk   FFF8DC 255 248 220
Crimson   DC143C 220 20 60
Cyan   00FFFF 0 255 255
DarkBlue   00008B 0 0 139
DarkCyan   008B8B 0 139 139
DarkGoldenrod   B8860B 184 134 11
DarkGray   A9A9A9 169 169 169
DarkGreen   006400 0 100 0
DarkKhaki   BDB76B 189 183 107
DarkMagenta   8B008B 139 0 139
DarkOliveGreen   556B2F 85 107 47
DarkOrange   FF8C00 255 140 0
DarkOrchid   9932CC 153 50 204
DarkRed   8B0000 139 0 0
DarkSalmon   E9967A 233 150 122
DarkSeaGreen   8FBC8F 143 188 143
DarkSlateBlue   483D8B 72 61 139
DarkSlateGray   2F4F4F 47 79 79
DarkTurquoise   00CED1 0 206 209
DarkViolet   9400D3 148 0 211
DeepPink   FF1493 255 20 147
DeepSkyBlue   00BFFF 0 191 255
DimGray   696969 105 105 105
DodgerBlue   1E90FF 30 144 255
FireBrick   B22222 178 34 34
FloralWhite   FFFAF0 255 250 240
ForestGreen   228B22 34 139 34
Fuchsia   FF00FF 255 0 255
Gainsboro   DCDCDC 220 220 220
GhostWhite   F8F8FF 248 248 255
Gold   FFD700 255 215 0
Goldenrod   DAA520 218 165 32
Gray See previous table
Green See previous table
GreenYellow   ADFF2F 173 255 47
Honeydew   F0FFF0 240 255 240
HotPink   FF69B4 255 105 180
IndianRed   CD5C5C 205 92 92
Indigo   4B0082 75 0 130
Ivory   FFFFF0 255 255 240
Khaki   F0E68C 240 230 140
Lavender   E6E6FA 230 230 250
LavenderBlush   FFF0F5 255 240 245
LawnGreen   7CFC00 124 252 0
LemonChiffon   FFFACD 255 250 205
LightBlue   ADD8E6 173 216 230
LightCoral   F08080 240 128 128
LightCyan   E0FFFF 224 255 255
LightGoldenrodYellow   FAFAD2 250 250 210
LightGreen   90EE90 144 238 144
LightGrey   D3D3D3 211 211 211
LightPink   FFB6C1 255 182 193
LightSalmon   FFA07A 255 160 122
LightSeaGreen   20B2AA 32 178 170
LightSkyBlue   87CEFA 135 206 250
LightSlateGray   778899 119 136 153
LightSteelBlue   B0C4DE 176 196 222
LightYellow   FFFFE0 255 255 224
Lime   00FF00 0 255 0
LimeGreen   32CD32 50 205 50
Linen   FAF0E6 250 240 230
Magenta   FF00FF 255 0 255
Maroon See previous table
MediumAquamarine   66CDAA 102 205 170
MediumBlue   0000CD 0 0 205
MediumOrchid   BA55D3 186 85 211
MediumPurple   9370DB 147 112 219
MediumSeaGreen   3CB371 60 179 113
MediumSlateBlue   7B68EE 123 104 238
MediumSpringGreen   00FA9A 0 250 154
MediumTurquoise   48D1CC 72 209 204
MediumVioletRed   C71585 199 21 133
MidnightBlue   191970 25 25 112
MintCream   F5FFFA 245 255 250
MistyRose   FFE4E1 255 228 225
Moccasin   FFE4B5 255 228 181
NavajoWhite   FFDEAD 255 222 173
Navy   000080 0 0 128
OldLace   FDF5E6 253 245 230
Olive   808000 128 128 0
OliveDrab   6B8E23 107 142 35
Orange   FFA500 255 165 0
OrangeRed   FF4500 255 69 0
Orchid   DA70D6 218 112 214
PaleGoldenrod   EEE8AA 238 232 170
PaleGreen   98FB98 152 251 152
PaleTurquoise   AFEEEE 175 238 238
PaleVioletRed   DB7093 219 112 147
PapayaWhip   FFEFD5 255 239 213
PeachPuff   FFDAB9 255 218 185
Peru   CD853F 205 133 63
Pink   FFC0CB 255 192 203
Plum   DDA0DD 221 160 221
PowderBlue   B0E0E6 176 224 230
Purple See previous table
Red   FF0000 255 0 0
RosyBrown   BC8F8F 188 143 143
RoyalBlue   4169E1 65 105 225
SaddleBrown   8B4513 139 69 19
Salmon   FA8072 250 128 114
SandyBrown   F4A460 244 164 96
SeaGreen   2E8B57 46 139 87
Seashell   FFF5EE 255 245 238
Sienna   A0522D 160 82 45
Silver   C0C0C0 192 192 192
SkyBlue   87CEEB 135 206 235
SlateBlue   6A5ACD 106 90 205
SlateGray   708090 112 128 144
Snow   FFFAFA 255 250 250
SpringGreen   00FF7F 0 255 127
SteelBlue   4682B4 70 130 180
Tan   D2B48C 210 180 140
Teal   008080 0 128 128
Thistle   D8BFD8 216 191 216
Tomato   FF6347 255 99 71
Turquoise   40E0D0 64 224 208
Violet   EE82EE 238 130 238
Wheat   F5DEB3 245 222 179
White   FFFFFF 255 255 255
WhiteSmoke   F5F5F5 245 245 245
Yellow   FFFF00 255 255 0
YellowGreen   9ACD32 154 205 50

Shades of gray

The list shown above covers only the colors supported by popular browsers as defined for JavaScript 1.1 * and before. Please note that some browsers like Netscape navigator insist on an a in any gray except from lightgrey.

The complete rgb.txt defines 101 shades from gray0 (black) up to gray100 (white) in addition to gray and its variants listed above.

The shades are apparently defined by the formula grayN := round(N*255/100) resulting in e.g. gray96 #F5F5F5 (245), which happens to be the same as WhiteSmoke. Similarly dimgray is the same as gray41 #696969 (105).

On the other hand gray #BEBEBE (190) lies between gray74 #BDBDBD (189) and gray75 #BFBFBF (191), darkgray #A9A9A9 (169) isn't the same as gray66 #A8A8A8 (168), and lightgrey #D3D3D3 (211) isn't the same as gray83 #D4D4D4 (212).

Color variations

For 78 colors as listed above rgb.txt offers four variants "color1", "color2", "color3", and "color4", with "color1" corresponding to "color", so e.g. "snow1" is the same as "snow". These variations are not supported by popular browsers, they were also not adopted by W3C standards.

The formulae used to determine the RGB values for these variations appear to be somewhere near
color2 := color*93.2/100 (93%),
color3 := color*80.4/100 (80%),
color4 := color*54.8/100 (54%).
Examples:
  • 205.2=255*80.4/100 and 192.96=240*80.4/100 explain ivory3 #CDCDC1 (205 205 196) based on ivory #FFFFF0 (255 255 240),
  • 139.74=255*54.8/100 and 131.52=240*54.8/100 are close to azure4 #838B8B (131 139 139) based on azure #F0FFFF (240 255 255),
  • 237.66=255*93.2/100 yields yellow2 #EEEE00 (238 238 0) based on yellow #FFFF00 (255 255 0).

See also

External links

Color | X Window System

X11 renk adları

 

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the "X11 color names".

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