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William Jenkins Worth (March 1, 1794 - May 7, 1849) was a United States general during the Mexican-American War.
Early life
Worth was born in 1794 in Hudson, New York, to Thomas Worth and Abigail Jenkins. Both of his parents were Quakers, but he rejected the pacifism of their faith. He received common schooling as a child and moved to Albany where he was working as a merchant when the War of 1812 began.
Early military career
During the war he served as an aide to (then brigadier general) Winfield Scott, and developed a friendship with him. Worth later named his son Winfield Scott Worth. He distinguished himself at the battles of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane during the Niagara campaign. In the latter battle, he was seriously wounded by grapeshot in the thigh. He was not expected to survive, but after a year's confinement he emerged with the breveted rank of Major--though he would remain lame for the rest of his life.
After the war he was Commandant of Cadets at West Point and would rise to the rank of Colonel in 1838 when he was put in command of the newly-created Eighth Infantry Regiment. Using his own tactics he successfully prosecuted the Second Seminole War in Florida and was made a brevet brigadier general in 1842. Eventually, he convinced Secretary of War John C. Spencer to allow the remaining Indians in the territory to confine themselves to the region south of Peace Creek, and declared an official end to the war in August of that year.
Mexican War
When the Mexican-American War began Worth was serving under Zachary Taylor in Texas and negotiated the surrender of the Mexican city of Matamoros. He next commanded the 2nd Regular Division, Army of Occupation at the Battle of Monterrey. In 1847 Worth was transferred to his old friend Winfield Scott's army and placed in command of the 1st Division. During the amphibious landings at Veracruz he jumped from the landing craft into shoulder deep water and waded ashore to become the first American to make an amphibious military landing. He took part in the siege of Veracruz and engaged in the following battles of Cerro Gordo, Contreras and Churubusco. In Mexico City Scott ordered Worth to seize the Mexican works at the Molino del Rey. Worth and Scott's friendship came to a head when Scott refused to allow Worth to modify the attack and the battle caused the 1st Division severe casualties, much to Worth's dismay. Worth later renamed his son Winfiled Scott to William. He next led his division against the San Cosimó Gate at Mexico City. When U.S. forces entered Mexico City, Worth personally climbed to the roof of the National Palace and took down the Mexican flag replacing it with the Stars and Stripes.
Postwar service
For his service at the Battle of Chapultepec Congress awarded him with a sword of honor. He was in command of the Department of Texas when he died of cholera in 1849 in San Antonio. His remains were reinterred in a monument on the corner of 5th Ave and Broadway in New York City.
The city of Fort Worth, Texas and the Lake Worth Lagoon in Florida, and consequently, the city of Lake Worth, Florida on it's shores, are named in his honor.
See also
Sources
- http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/view/WW/fwo28.html
- http://www.aztecclub.com/bios/worth.htm
- John K. Mahon, History of the Second Seminole War, 1835-1842, Revised Edition, University Press of Florida, Gainesville, 1985.
"William J. Worth"