Warhammer 40,000

This article is about the tabletop miniature wargame and the fictional universe in which it is set. For other products set in the same universe, see Warhammer 40,000 spin-offs.

Warhammer 40,000 (informally known as Warhammer 40K or just 40K) is a science fantasy tabletop miniature wargame, produced by Games Workshop. Play centres around 28 mm scale (approximately 1:65) miniature figurines produced by Citadel Miniatures, which represent soldiers, creatures and vehicles of war. The game requires a combination of tactics and luck.

Warhammer 40,000 is the science fiction companion to Warhammer Fantasy. It allows for less regimental, formation-based movement, and deals with more advanced weaponry.

History

The first edition of the game, Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader, was published in 1987. Game designer Rick Priestley was responsible for creating the original rules set and the Warhammer 40,000 gameworld. This original version came as a very detailed rulebook, making it most suitable for fighting small skirmishes. Much of the composition of units was determined randomly, by rolling dice. In addition, rules were changed or updated through White Dwarf publications, making play easier and announcing new units/models.

A few elements of the setting (bolters, frag grenades, Terminator armour) can be seen in a set of earlier wargaming rules called Laserburn produced by Tabletop Games. The influence of these can also be seen in the prototype Necromunda game mechanics.

The second edition was published in late 1993, aimed at making it easier to fight larger battles. This and later developments of the game are the work of editor Andy Chambers. This version relied greatly on cards, and came as a boxset including Space Marine and Ork miniatures, scenery and dice, as well as the main rules. An expansion pack titled Dark Millennium was later released.

The third edition was released in 1998, and again concentrated on streamlining the rules for larger battles. The rulebook was available alone, or as a boxset with minatures featuring the Space Marines and the newly introduced Dark Eldar.

Current State of Play

An update of the game was released in 2004. This was originally touted by Games Workshop not as a 4th edition but as a simple 'tidy-up' of the various rule changes and 'trial' rules that had come into being since the introduction of the 3rd edition.

However, due to players continually referring to this new printing as 'the 3.5 edition' (itself a pun derived from a recent Dungeons & Dragons upgrade), Games Workshop backtracked and themselves began calling the new rulebook the 4th edition.

This edition is not as major a change as prior editions were, as it did not invalidate gamers' old army lists or codices. The new rulebook is published in hardcover, and a truncated version of the same rules is available as part of an introductory boxed set, Battle For Macragge, featuring the Space Marines and Tyranids.

As with prior versions, the main rules are included in the rule book with supplementary details being available for each army in the form of Codex books, each detailing either one army, a part of an army or sometimes extra rules for a specific form of battle (such as Cities of Death). As of May 2006 the Space Marine, Tyranid, Black Templars and Tau Empire codexes have been released under the new fourth edition rules, with the new Eldar codex due in October 2006. Several rules supplements, including additional units and models available from the Forge World subsidiary of Games Workshop, have also been produced, with the most recent being 'Imperial Armour Volume 4: The Anphelion Project.

For materials done under the previous iteration of the rules, there exist errata and FAQ files, to ensure potential rules conflicts between editions are resolved universally.

Warhammer 40,000, the Game

Overview

Each player assembles an army, consisting of white metal and plastic miniature figurines (models) - each, usually, representing a single military figure from one of the official lists. These armies are constrained by rules contained within the Warhammer 40,000 rulebook, as well as in several army-specific Codexes. The size and power of the army is determined on a points system, with each unit being assigned a number of points proportional to its potential worth on the battlefield. Before a game the players agree on how many points will be used as the maximum army size and each assemble an army up to that maximum limit. Common game sizes are usually between 400 and 2,000 points, but can be much larger. In addition, there are rules for much smaller games. Games generally run from half an hour to several hours depending on the size of the armies.

Play is divided into turns, with each player choosing specific actions for all of his units on his turn, and using dice to determine the results of those actions. Each battle, at the onset, is assigned a set of additional rules and a goal (collectively called a "scenario") specific to it. The most common of these is a basic "cleanse" mission (which was the "default" mission in 3rd edition), which ends after six turns, the victor being declared based on who controls the four quarters of the battlefield; more complex goals can include night fights, bunker assaults, ambushes, and various others. Other games include simply eliminating the other force (meatgrinder scenario).

Some players organize a series of scenarios, called a campaign, where two or more players fight against each other in a number of battles. These campaigns may feature their own special rules, and are tied together by a storyline, which might alter according to the results of each scenario when it is played. Every few years, a global campaign is held in which people submit the results of their games to Games Workshop. These results are collated, and together affect the storyline of the game, which is then accounted for in the next rulebook and fiction releases. The most recent of these global campaigns was the Eye of Terror Campaign. A new worldwide campaign is currently underway, titled The Fall of Medusa V.

Collecting

As of June 2006, new players wishing to start playing should expect to spend at least £200 but may need to spend much more, in the region of £300, for a basic playable army with little or no room for customisation (1,000 points). This figure includes costs for the rulebook, the army's codex, and modelling equipment such as paints and glueGames Workshop Starting Out Store Page. Players must also purchase individual units in squads or in boxed sets. The cost of boxed sets varies widely (£18 to £75), depending on the contents. However, the boxed set does not provide for all available options, meaning that players must purchase additional blister packs, each containing one to three models. A typical blister pack costs around £6. Games Workshop is often accused of pricing its models on how they perform on the battle-field rather than how much money was spent on/in production.

In addition to the current line of units, Games Workshop makes available past model lines as a part of their mail-order-only "Classic" series. These are models that have been used for earlier versions of the game. This is one of many ways to get certain miniatures which have been discontinued.

Modelling

Since the models are hand-painted and assembled by the player, people are encouraged to design their own paint schemes as well as using the pre-designed ones displayed in the various books. They are also encouraged to further modify their figures and vehicles using parts from other kits and models (known as "bitz" to players), or scratch-built from plasticard, modelling putty and whatever the modeller has at hand. These conversions are often entered into contests at sponsored tournaments and similar gaming events.

Terrain is a very important part of play. Although Games Workshop has terrain kits available, many hobbyists prefer to make their own elaborate and unique set pieces. Common household items like soft drink cans, coffee cups, styrofoam packing pieces, and pill bottles can be transformed into ruined cathedrals, alien habitats, or terrain with the addition of plasticard, putty, and a bit of patience and skill.

Proxying

Some gamers may not be able to acquire the necessary miniatures for an army, due to a variety of reasons. Instead, they choose to proxy, or substitute, a model with other figures; such as Lego figures or miniatures from another company, or army. Such "stand-in" armies are not eligible for tournament play and most Games Workshop stores will not allow their use (depending on the degree of "proxying").

Background

Setting

The Warhammer 40,000 game world is most readily characterized as a gothic science-fantasy setting. The central and most popular elements of the Warhammer 40,000 universe are the Space Marines, anachronistic combinations of sci-fi super-soldiers and fantasy knights and the finest warriors of the Imperium of Mankind, a dystopian and degenerate galaxy-spanning empire.

The physical setting of this story is the Materium, with all action here in the Milky Way Galaxy. Much of this is controlled by the The Imperium of Man, though it is not the only galactic denizen. Other races include the Orks, a greenskinned trollike race, and the Eldar, the former rulers of a great empire. A dynamic, galaxy-spanning story line is possible because of a separate plane of existence, the Immaterium or "Warp." The Warp is described as a realm of thought, where desires and emotions can take physical form, and with currents and eddies that make traveling vast interstellar distances difficult, yet possible. As this is a realm of thought, a coalescence yields an often sinister warp entity. The strongest of these entities are the Chaos Gods, Khorne (a god of rage, bloodshed and war), Nurgle (a god of despair and decay), Tzeentch (a god of change, deception, scheming and magic) and Slaanesh (a god of pleasure, pain, depravity and decadence).

The Gods of Chaos are the result of the darkest impulses in the living souls of the universe's inhabitants. Their cults have a dynamic and antagonistic relationship. Khorne opposes Slaanesh, while Nurgle opposes Tzeentch. Nurgle is the personification of powerlessness, Tzeentch personifies power, Khorne personifies duty and rage, and Slaanesh personifies the epicurean or the sensual. These four Dark Powers are not the only entities in the Warp, but they are the greatest and most powerful. It is said, in the background to Warhammer 40,000, that the nature of the Warp is beyond human comprehension and is truly unknowable.

Armies/Races/Species

The Warhammer 40,000 game, and consequentially the fictional universe, is made up of many races and species. The main playable armies in the game are the Chaos Space Marines, Daemonhunters, Dark Eldar, Eldar, Imperial Guard, Necrons, Orks, Space Marines, Tau, Tyranids and Witch Hunters. Most races have many offshoots; examples include the following (however, this list is not exhaustive):

Space Marines: Blood Angels, Space Wolves, Dark Angels, Black Templars, etc.
Imperial Guard: Catachans, Iron Guard, Mordians, Cadians, Valhallans, Praetorians, Armageddon Steel Legion, Savlar Chem-dogs, Tanith, Death Korps, Kanak Skull Takers, Harakoni War Hawks, Terrax Guard, etc.
Tau: Kroot Mercenaries
Craftworld Eldar: Iyanden, Ulthwé, Alaitoc, Biel-Tan etc.

Notable figures

The Warhammer 40,000 universe and game are made up of many different characters, each important in some way. Some of these characters are more important to the universe and game than others. The list below contains a selection of the figures and characters that have had the greatest impact on the Warhammer 40,000 fictional universe.

See also: Category:Warhammer 40,000 characters

Warhammer 40,000 spin-offs

Warhammer 40,000 has, over the years, inspired many spin-off games. The most popular of these include the miniature-based games Battlefleet Gothic, Epic Armageddon, Inquisitor and Necromunda, all of which are available as "Specialist Games" from the Games Workshop website, and the video games Dawn of War, Fire Warrior, Chaos Gate, Space Hulk and Vengeance of the Blood Angels.

References

External links

Miniatures games | Origins Award winners | Warhammer 40,000

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