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Valognes is a town in Normandy, northwestern France, in the Manche département. It lies on the Merderet river, 20 km south-east of Cherbourg.
History
The town was built not far from the Roman town of Alauna or Alaunia, from where the town derives its name. It was a fortified stronghold under the Norman dukes and French monarchs. Also here, William the Conqueror received the news that the barons of Cotentin and Bessin were conspiring to kill him, enabling him to escape to Falaise. Edward III of England took Valognes without resistance, spent one night there and then pillaged and burnt the city. Henry III of England possessed the town, which remained under English rule for thirty years. During the French Wars of Religion, in 1588 Valognes sided with the Catholic League. The castle, like that of Cherbourg, was completely destroyed under Louis XIV. Of the convent of the Capuchins and Cordeliers and the abbey of Benedictine nuns, which existed in Valognes prior to 1792, only the latter remains, transformed into the hospice of the Rue des Religieuses.
The 14th-century church of Notre Dame had a dome (dated 1612), being the only example of a Gothic dome in France. The church was destroyed in 1944, during the Battle of Normandy.
Before the French Revolution the town was the residence of more than a hundred families of distinguished birth and fortune, and was for a long time afterwards the home of many of the old noblesse. The town was known as the Versailles of Normandy for its aristocratic mansions and palaces. The 1928 Methuen guide book to Normandy by Cyril Scudamore describes Valognes as "a clean and well-built town, whose fine old houses bear witness to its former prosperity".
Little remains of Valognes' famous architectural heritage as many of the aristocratic mansions were reduced to ruins during the Battle of Normandy.
Museums
The town has two museums devoted to the two alcoholic drinks for which Normandy is known: one for cider, the other for the apple brandy called Calvados.
External link
- Valognes ville d'art et d'histoire (official site)
"Valognes"