Medieval Turkish archery is detailed in Kitab ghunyat at-tullab fi marifat ramy an-mushshab ("A Book of Essential Archery for Beginners") and Kitab fi bayau fadl al-qaws w-al-sahm wa-awsufihima ("A Book on the Excellence of the Bow and Arrow")

The books say that the fundamentals of archery constitute six elements: grasping the bow, nocking the arrow, locking the fingers on the bowstring, drawing the bow, sighting the mark, and loosing the arrow.

There are three classes of shooting from horseback: kighaj or qiqaj, "slant", or shooting downwards, shooting up (kabak or qabaq, "gourd") and horizontal shooting, which is in between the two main ones. Within these classes there are from 10 to 17 basic ways recognized by various archery masters.

External links

• Essential Archery for Beginners, translation
• A Book on the Excellence of the Bow and Arrow, translation