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An armistice is the effective end of a war, when the warring parties agree to stop fighting. It is derived from the Latin arma, meaning weapons and stitium, meaning a stopping.
A truce or "ceasefire" usually refers to a temporary cessation of hostilities for an agreed limited time or within a limited area. A truce may be needed in order to negotiate an armistice. An armistice is a modus vivendi and is not the same as a peace treaty, which may take months or even years to agree on. The 1953 Korean War armistice is a major example of an armistice which has not yet been followed by a peace treaty.
The United Nations Security Council often imposes or tries to impose cease-fire resolutions on parties to modern conflicts. Armistices are always negotiated between the parties themselves and are thus generally seen as more binding than non-mandatory UN cease-fire resolutions in modern international law.
Notable Armistices in history
The most famous armistice, which is the one still meant when people say simply "The Armistice", is the one at the end of World War I, on November 11, 1918 at the "eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month." Armistice Day is still celebrated in some places on the anniversary of that armistice; alternatively November 11, or a Sunday near to it, may still be observed as a Remembrance Day.
- Armistice of Stuhmsdorf of 1635 between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden.
- World War I
- Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers, at Brest-Litovsk , 1917
- Armistice with Germany (Compiègne) 1918
- Armistice with Austria
- Armistice of Mudros Between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies, 1918
- Armistice of Mudanya between Turkey, Italy, France and Britain and later Greece of 1922.
- World War II
- Armistice with France (Second Compiègne) of 1940
- Armistice of Saint Jean d'Acre of 1941 between British forces in the Middle East and Vichy France forces in Syria
- Armistice with Italy of 1943
- (Germany implemented an unconditional surrender at the end of the war, immediately prior to V-E day)
- Japanese Instrument of Surrender
- 1949 Armistice Agreements between Israel and its neighbors Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria.
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"Armistice"