According to the Toulmin model, developed by Stephen Toulmin, a modern rhetorician, few arguments actually follow classical models of logic like the syllogisms anallyzed by Aristotle 24 centuries ago, so in the late 1950s, he developed a model for analyzing arguments.

In its basic form, a syllogism has three parts: the major premise, the minor premise, and the conclusion.

Toulmin's Model of Argumentation shows elements of his argumentation theory. It consists of:

Data/Support: An evidence that supports the claim.

E.g. Cigarettes contain many chemicals. Studies have shown that many of these chemicals are forms of carcinogens.

Claim: The conclusion of the whole argument.

E.g. Smoking should not be advised.

Warrant: Evidence and reasoning advanced that moves the data/support to the claim.

E.g. Smoking is bad for health.

Backing: An additional evidence that supports the warrant.

E.g. Researchs have shown that smokers are likely to die of lung cancer.

Rebuttal: An exception to your claim.

Qualifier: A statement showing how strong your claim is. It does not prove that the claim is a 'right'. But it does show that how 'probable' the claim is.