Thomas Murphy could refer to:

• Tom Murphy (playwright), Irish playwright
• Tom Murphy (mayor), former mayor of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
• Thomas 'Slab' Murphy, alleged IRA Army Council Chief of Staff
• Tom Murphy (Georgia), former speaker of the house in the Georgia General Assembly
• Thomas Murphy (VC) (1839–1900), Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross
• Thomas Murphy (chairman) (died 2006), former CEO of General Motors
• Thomas Andrew Murphy, former Major League Baseball pitcher
• Tom Murphy (fighter), a mixed martial arts fighter
• Thomas Murphy (footballer), an Australian rules footballer playing for the Hawthorn Football Club
• Thomas W. Murphy, PhD, Anthropologist, Mormon scholar and critic. Edmonds Community College, Lynnwood, Washington.
• Thomas W. Murphy (alderman)
• Thomas Murphy (Medal of Honor), American Civil War soldier and Medal of Honor recipient
• Thomas Murphy (Medal of Honor, 1869), American Indian Wars soldier and Medal of Honor recipient