article

Thomas L. Friedman (born July 20, 1953) is an American journalist, columnist and author, currently working as an Op-Ed contributor to the New York Times. His columns, concentrating mainly on foreign affairs, appear on Wednesdays and Fridays. Friedman is known for advocating a compromise peace between Israel and the Palestinians, modernization of the Arab world and globalization, while sometimes remarking on their potential pitfalls. His books address various aspects of international politics, from a centrist, neoliberal perspective on the political spectrum. Friedman is a three-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize (1983, 1988, and 2002), and in 2004, he was awarded the Overseas Press Club Award for lifetime achievement and the honorary title, Order of the British Empire (OBE), by Queen Elizabeth II.

Early life

Friedman was born in the Minneapolis, Minnesota suburb of St. Louis Park. As a child, he attended a Jewish summer camp where a young Abe Foxman was a counselor. In high school, Friedman wrote for his school's paper The Echo, including one article in which he interviewed Ariel Sharon, then an Israeli general, and later, Defence Minister and Prime Minister of Israel.

He received a B.A. degree in Mediterranean studies from Brandeis University in 1975. After college, Friedman attended St Antony's College at Oxford University on a Marshall scholarship, receiving an MA in Middle Eastern studies. Friedman lists Professor Albert Hourani as among his important academic influences.

Journalism in the Middle East

After graduating he joined the London bureau of United Press International, staying there for a year before being dispatched to Beirut, where he stayed from 1979 to 1981. He was then hired by the New York Times, which re-dispatched him to Beirut in 1982, where he soon witnessed the first phase of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. Friedman's coverage of the war, and in particular the Sabra and Shatila massacre, won him the Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting.

He was assigned to Jerusalem from 1984 to 1988, where he won another Pulitzer for his coverage of the first Palestinian Intifada, following this posting with a book, From Beirut to Jerusalem, describing his experiences in the Middle East.

Return to the United States, New York Times column

During the administration of George H.W. Bush, he covered Secretary of State James Baker; following the election of Bill Clinton, he became the Times' White House correspondent. After covering the White House until 1994, he covered the intersection of foreign policy and economics. He then moved to the op-ed page of the Times as a foreign affairs columnist in 1995.

Friedman on globalization

One of Friedman's theses is that individual nations must sacrifice some degree of economic sovereignty to global institutions (such as capital markets, and multinational corporations), in order to achieve Western-style economic prosperity. Friedman termed these restrictions the "Golden Straitjacket."

Critics of Friedman say he is presenting the views and experiences of elite members of developing societies such as political and business leaders.

He has been widely praised for his strong stance on America's need to become more energy independent. He believes this would force the authoritarian rulerships in the Middle East to join the global market, help strengthen America's economy by basing its energy infrastructure on domestic products, and ease the tensions in the burgeoning global energy demand.

While Friedman is an advocate of globalization, he also points out (in The Lexus and the Olive Tree) the need for a country to preserve its local traditions even as it globalizes, a process he describes as "glocalization". For example, in his attack on General Motors, a criticism of him is that he fails to grasp that the purchasing power of domestic labor is the key driver in economic output as supposed by some economists.

Friedman after 9/11

After the September 11, 2001 attacks, Friedman's writing focused more on the threat of terrorism, for which he won the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Commentary ("for his clarity of vision, based on extensive reporting, in commenting on the worldwide impact of the terrorist threat"). These columns were collected and published as the book "Longitudes and Attitudes."

Friedman and the Iraq War

Friedman supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq, saying that the establishment of a democratic state in the Middle East might force other countries to liberalize and modernize as well, although he has since expressed alarm over the conduct of the war by the George W. Bush administration. Nevertheless, his recent columns have remained at least open to the possibility of a positive outcome to the Iraq conflict. In January 2004 he participated in a forum on Slate.com called "Liberal Hawks Reconsider the Iraq War," in which he stated:

"the right reason for this war, as I argued before it started, was to oust Saddam's regime and partner with the Iraqi people to try to implement the Arab Human Development report's prescriptions in the heart of the Arab world. That report said the Arab world is falling off the globe because of a lack of freedom, women's empowerment, and modern education. The right reason for this war was to partner with Arab moderates in a long-term strategy of dehumiliation and redignification."

After the 7 July 2005 London bombings, Friedman called for the U.S. State Department to begin producing a "War of Ideas Report" that would spotlight religious leaders and writers advocating violence as well as anyone who suggests that "imperialism, zionism, colonialism or Iraq" explains why the terrorists acted. "These excuse makers are just one notch less despicable than the terrorists and also deserve to be exposed," he said in his 22 July column. Critics at Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting point to this as part of a wider trend to marginalise and censor critics of U.S. foreign policy.*

The neologism Friedman, meaning a period of six months, has been coined in mock tribute to Friedman, based on his repeated optimistic predictions that within in six months from the time of his writing, the success or failure of the American project in Iraq would be known. *,*

Documentaries

Friedman has also hosted several documentaries for the Discovery Channel from various locations around the world. In "Straddling the Fence" (2003), he visited the West Bank and spoke to Israelis and Palestinians about the Israeli West Bank barrier and its impact on their lives. Also in 2003, "Thomas L. Friedman Reporting: Searching for the Roots of 9-11" aired on the Discovery Times Channel. This program investigated the reason for Muslim hatred of the United States, and how the Sept. 11th attacks in New York, Pennsylvania, and the Pentagon were viewed in the Muslim world. In "The Other Side of Outsourcing" (2004), he visited a call center in Bangalore, interviewing the young Indians working there, and then traveled to an impoverished rural part of India, where he debated the pros and cons of globalization with locals (this trip spawned his eventual bestselling book "The World is Flat"). In "Does Europe Hate Us?" (2005), he traveled through Britain, France and Germany, talking with academics, journalists, Marshall and Rhodes scholars, young Muslims and others about the nature of the strained relationship between Europe and the United States. Friedman's most recent documentary, "Addicted to Oil" premiered at the Silverdocs Film Festival at 5:30 PM on June 16, 2006, and aired on Saturday, June 24, at 10 p.m. ET on the Discovery Times Channel. In it he examines the geopolitical, economic, and environmental consequences of petroleum use and ways that green technologies such as alternative fuels and energy, efficiency, and conservation can reduce oil dependence.

Friedman's Discovery Channel documentaries are available on DVD through the Discovery Channel Store.

Publishing success

Friedman's books have sold extremely well, making him one of the most successful modern non-fiction authors. For instance, The World is Flat has been on the New York Times bestseller list since its publication in April 2005.

Bibliography

Trivia

  • Friedman is an avid fan of golf.
  • Friedman has dedicated many of his works to his two daughters.

External links

1953 births | Columnists | Brandeis University alumni | Former students of St Antony's College, Oxford | Jewish-American journalists | Jewish American writers | Living people | New York Times people | Pulitzer Prize winners

টমাস ফ্রিড্‌ম্যান | Thomas L. Friedman | Thomas Friedman | 토머스 프리드먼 | תומס פרידמן | Thomas Friedman | トーマス・フリードマン | 湯馬斯·佛里曼

 

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the "Thomas Friedman".

Home Page • arts • business • computers • games • health • hospitals • home • kids & teens • news • physicians • recreation• reference • regional • science • shopping • society • sports • world