The Southern Manifesto was a document written in 1956 by legislators in the United States Congress opposed to racial integration in public places. It was signed by 96 Democratic politicians from the former Confederate States - Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.
The document was largely drawn up to counter the landmark Supreme Court 1954 ruling Brown v. Board of Education, which integrated public schools. It was signed by 19 Senators and 77 members of the House of Representatives, including the entire congressional delegations of the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina and Virginia. All of the signatories were Southern Democrats but two: Republicans Joel Broyhill and Richard Poff of Virginia. School segregation laws were some of the most enduring and best-known of the Jim Crow laws that characterized the American South and several northern states at the time.
Non-Signatories:
United States House of Representatives
Non-Signatories: Dante Fascell (D), William Cramer (R)
Non-Signatories: Richard Chatham (D), Harold Cooley (D), Charles Deane (D), Charles Jonas (R)
Non-Signatories: Howard Baker, Sr. (R), Ross Bass (D), Joe Evins (D), Percy Priest (D), B. Carroll Reece (R)
Non-Signatories: Jack Brooks (D), Brady Gentry (D), Sam Rayburn (D), Bruce Alger (R), Olin E. Teague (D), Albert Thomas (D). Clark W. Thompson (D), Homer Thornberry (D), William Poage (D), Jim Wright (D), Frank Ikard (D), John J. Bell (D), Joe Madison Kilgore (D), J.T. Rutherford (D), Omar Burleson (D), George Mahon (D), Paul Kilday (D), Martin Dies (D)
1956 in law | Civil rights opposition | History of African-American civil rights | Legal history of the United States | Political manifestos | Southern Manifesto
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"Southern Manifesto".
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