The Legend of Zelda series (often shortened to just Zelda, TLoZ, or LoZ), first published on February 21, 1986 by Nintendo, is a series of video games created by the celebrated game designer Shigeru Miyamoto. In Japan the series is known as ゼルダの伝説 (Zeruda no Densetsu), often shortened to just ゼル伝 (Zeru-Den). The games are primarily set in a fantasy world, in the Kingdom of Hyrule, although some have been set in different countries or other equally fantastic worlds. The gameplay consists of a mixture of action, adventure, role-playing, and puzzle-solving, occasionally with minor platform elements. The series is known for its beautiful and inspiring settings, creative gameplay, interesting characters, stirring original music, and high overall production values. It is widely considered one of the most influential video game franchises ever created. It also claimed the #1 spot on G4's 100 Greatest Games of All Time. As of September 2005, the Legend of Zelda series has sold 47 million units.
Another important element in the series is a divine relic known as the Triforce, left behind by the three goddesses who created Hyrule. It consists of three golden equilateral triangles, one for each goddess: the Triforce of Power (Din), the Triforce of Wisdom (Nayru), and the Triforce of Courage (Farore). Each piece will bestow its divine essence on the one who possesses it; typically Ganon has the Triforce of Power, Zelda has the Triforce of Wisdom, and Link has or must obtain the Triforce of Courage. If the three pieces of the Triforce are united, it will grant the deepest wishes of that person so long as they live.
The fantasy world of Hyrule includes many different climates and types of terrain, and is home to many different races and tribes of monsters and sentient beings. There are significant geographical differences from game to game, but several distinctive features recur from the first, such as the Lost Woods and Death Mountain, including Spectacle Rock near the summit. Lake Hylia is another common landmark, although it was not formally introduced until the third game.
The Zelda games feature a mixture of complex puzzles, strategic action gameplay, and exploration. This formula has remained fairly constant throughout the series, with further refinements and additions featured in each new game, and has made the Zelda franchise one of Nintendo's most successful game series, along with the likes of Mario, Metroid, and Pokémon.
The main plot usually involves the hero transforming himself --such as by shrinking (as he does in Minish Cap) or turning himself into a being from one of the many other in-game races (as he does in Majora's Mask)-- or the world --such as by changing the season (as he does in Oracle of Seasons) or going to a parallel, dark version of the world (as he does in A Link to the Past) and to successfully reach the game's ending, the player has to switch between the transformed world/Link and the "normal" world/Link.
The Legend of Zelda was principally inspired by Miyamoto's explorations as a young boy in the hillsides surrounding his childhood home in Kyoto, where he ventured into forests with secluded lakes, caves, and rural villages. According to Miyamoto, one of his most memorable experiences was the discovery of a cave entrance in the middle of the woods. After some hesitation, he apprehensively entered the cave, and explored its depths with the aid of a lantern. This memory has clearly influenced Miyamoto's work, and cave exploration is a major element of most Zelda games. Other than Miyamoto's childhood, Norse and Japanese mythology have played a large role influencing the series, as well as Medieval European culture. Miyamoto has referred to the creation of the Zelda games as an attempt to bring to life a "miniature garden" for players to play with in every version of the game.
Hearing of F. Scott Fitzgerald's wife Zelda, Mr. Miyamoto thought the name sounded pleasant and significant. Paying tribute, he chose to name the Princess after her, and titled his creation The Legend of Zelda, even though she is not the protagonist.
The longest of these side quests, present in several games, is the trading sequence. In a trading sequence, Link first obtains an item from either a store or an in-game friend. He then takes that item to a character in the game who needs the item, and trades it for another item. This item is traded to another character for something else, and so on. These trading sequences may at times consist of as many as fifteen separate items. At the end of the sequence, the player usually gets a new weapon or a critical item. The most famous example of this is the trading sequence in Ocarina of Time required to receive the Biggoron's Sword.
Other side quests include races, a search for hidden items or characters, or extra puzzles.
Because of the time limit, Majora's Mask in particular relied heavily on side quests, ranging from short quests for a Piece of Heart to a long and arduous side quest to collect all the masks in the game and complete four challenging mini-dungeons in exchange for the powerful Majora's Mask#Masks and transformations.
The Minish Cap had a large number of minuscule sidequests in the form of searching for "Kinstone Pieces", which could be fused with in-game characters to trigger various events (opening a hole in a tree, providing a new path, making a beanstalk grow, making new characters appear, etc.). However, sometimes it was necessary to collect kinstones to advance any further.
Returning from The Wind Waker were collectible figurines. The Minish Cap's figurines could be bought with shells, whereas the Wind Waker required the player to take a photo of who- or whatever the figurine would be based on.
The second game, known as The Adventure of Link (in defiance of the naming convention for the other games, although in Japan it is called The Legend of Zelda 2), was a departure from the concept of the first game. It exchanged the top-down view for a side-scrolling one and introduced RPG elements (e.g., experience points) not found in other installments of the series. It was also the only Zelda until Four Swords Adventures not to include rupees. Because of these fundamental changes, many consider it the "black sheep" of the series. Both this and its predecessor were noted for their gold-colored game cartridges, which stood out in the system's general array of gray cartridges.
Four years later, A Link to the Past (initially known as Zelda III), returned to the top-down view and added the concept of an alternate dimension to explore, a land known as the Dark World. It was released for the Super Nintendo in April 1992. It was later re-released for the Game Boy Advance on December 9, 2002 in North America, on a cartridge with Four Swords, the first multiplayer Zelda.
The next game, Link's Awakening, was the first Zelda for Nintendo's Game Boy handheld, and the first to take place outside of Hyrule. It was re-released for the Game Boy Color in 1998 as Link's Awakening DX with some additional features.
After another hiatus, the series made the transition to 3D with the fifth (official and international) installment, Ocarina of Time. This game, initially known as Zelda 64, retained the core gameplay of the previous games and was very successful both commercially and critically. It is considered by some to be the best game ever made, and scored perfect 10s in several video game publications, as well as the first 40/40 score in Famitsu (a prestigious Japanese gaming magazine). It recently was rated the best Nintendo game out of the best 200 by Nintendo Power. The title was originally slated for the ill-fated, Japanese-only 64 Disk Drive, but was ported to cartridge with the advancements in memory compression technology. Innovations included the use of lock-on targeting, a new gameplay mechanic that focused the camera on a nearby target and altered the player's actions to be relative to that target. Such mechanics allowed precision-based swordfighting in a 3D space, a revolutionary development.
Ocarina of Time saw a limited re-release on the GameCube in 2002 when it was offered as a pre-order incentive for The Wind Waker in the US. However, Europe gets it free in every copy of The Wind Waker, as long as it isn't the budget platinum version. The disc also featured parts of a previously unreleased 64DD expansion known as Ura Zelda. The pre-order bonus disc was titled Ocarina of Time Master Quest. Ocarina of Time was ported again for the Collector's Edition disc in 2003.
The follow-up title, Majora's Mask, used the same 3D game engine as the previous Nintendo 64 game (dropping the Fixed 3D elements), but added a novel time-based concept, which led to somewhat mixed reactions from series fans. It was originally called "Zelda Gaiden" – Japanese loosely translating to "Zelda, Another Story." Gameplay changed significantly; in addition to the partial time limit, Link, with the aid of special masks, could transform into alternate versions of himself, each a different species with unique skills. While Majora's Mask retained the graphical style of the landmark Ocarina of Time, it was also a departure, particularly in atmosphere – the game was much darker, dealing with death and tragedy in a manner not previously seen in the series, and had a sense of impending doom due to the moon poised to fall on the land of Termina.
The next two games, Oracle of Ages and Oracle of Seasons, were released simultaneously for the Game Boy Color and were loosely connected; through various means they could be combined to form a single extended story. They were developed in conjunction with Flagship under Capcom, with supervision from Mr. Miyamoto. The games were originally to be a trilogy, known as the "Triforce Trilogy" and consisting of updated remakes of The Legend of Zelda and The Adventure of Link, plus an original third installment. After consulting with Shigeru Miyamoto, the studio decided to make an original trilogy. However, the password system linking the games for a unique experience became too troublesome, and the concept was reduced to just two titles. Fans initially criticized the Oracle series for "selling out" by copying the Pokémon ideology of two similar games coming out at one time to increase profits. Such claims faded when the games were released, as they are radically different. Ages is often seen as a puzzle-based adventure while Seasons is more action-oriented.
The next Zelda, for the GameCube, was initially believed to be a development of the more realistically styled N64 games. But Nintendo surprised many fans with the revelation that the new game, The Wind Waker, would be fully cel-shaded – a more cartoon-like style of color design first seen in games such as Sega's Jet Set Radio. Initial fears that this would affect the quality of gameplay fans had grown accustomed to were eased when the game was released to critical acclaim in Japan in 2002 and elsewhere in 2003. It featured gameplay centered on control of the wind and sailing a small boat around a massive ocean-based world, and puzzles requiring the use of enemy weapons or sidekick-like secondary characters. The game also featured a Second Quest that clarified some story elements.
Next in the series came Four Swords Adventures for the Nintendo GameCube, which was released in the first of half of 2004 in Japan and America, and in January 2005 in Europe. Based on the handheld Four Swords, FSA was another deviation from previous Zelda gameplay, focusing on multiplayer gameplay and "level-based" action (like the later Super Mario Bros. titles). The game contains 24 individual stages and a map screen; there is no huge connecting overworld. For the multiplayer features of the game, each player was required to use a Game Boy Advance system linked to the Nintendo GameCube via a GBA-GCN cable. Although it focused on multiplayer, a single player feature was included; for this mode a Game Boy Advance system was optional.
FSA was really two games in one: Hyrulean Adventure, which had a plot and storyline and the closest thing to traditional Zelda action; and Shadow Battle, a free-for-all melee "battle mode" which pitted Link against Link as the players struggled for dominance over uniquely Hyrulean arenas. The Japanese version included a third segment, known as Navi Trackers (originally designed as the stand-alone game Tetra's Trackers), which was not included in any other incarnation of the title. Trackers contains an important first for Zelda: the game has spoken dialogue for most of the characters.
In November 2004 in Japan and Europe, and in January 2005 in America, Nintendo released a new game for the Game Boy Advance, The Minish Cap. The central concept of The Minish Cap is Link's ability to shrink in size (and thus literally combat evil on all scales) with the aid of a mystical living cap named Ezlo. While tiny, Link could see previously-explored parts of a dungeon from a new perspective, and enter new areas through otherwise impassable openings. Because Link could make the switch from big to small at special portals available in most areas, the gameplay was further enhanced, once again giving Link two "worlds" to play in.
Sometime in the fourth quarter of 2006, Twilight Princess, will arrive in two formats, as the last Zelda game on the GCN and the first on Wii. The new game once again strives for a realistic look, improved far beyond even the Spaceworld 2000 technology demo. This game chronicles the struggle of a more mature Link to rid Hyrule of the "Twilight Realm", a mysterious force plaguing the land. When Link enters this realm, he transforms into a wolf and the gameplay shifts radically. Twilight Princess also relies heavily on horseback transportation and mounted battle scenarios, such as a boss battle with the "Marauder".
“Zelda DS” was once rumored to be a new “Four Swords” game, but Nintendo later retracted those statements, and at the 2006 Game Developers Conference a trailer for Phantom Hourglass on the Nintendo DS was shown. The trailer revealed standard Zelda gameplay optimized for the DS’s features, a cel-shaded graphical style directly recalling The Wind Waker, and a Majora's Mask type feature which allows Link to turn back time with the use of the Phantom Hourglass. At E³ 2006, Nintendo confirmed its status as a direct sequel, and debuted an extensive playable demo including a new multiplayer mode remniscent of Pac-Man Vs. with a touch of capture the flag. The Legend of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass will also be released in Q4 2006.
The creators of the series have repeatedly dropped hints as to the order of the series, but over time most of these "revelations" have been overridden by newer materials, games, and statements.
Much of the ambiguity of the chronology of the Zelda series is due to the fact that the games take place over a span of centuries or even millennia, featuring many different incarnations of Link, Princess Zelda, and other characters. Some of the other confusion arises as a result of mistranslation and localization problems. Nintendo of America's localization process during the NES/SNES era was to have a Japanese-speaking employee directly translate the text, and an NOA employee (with no pre-requisite of understanding Japanese) would then take the literal English and re-write it to suit American grammar and culture. The man most largely responsible for this is Daniel Owsen.
The general rule of thumb is that the games are the final authority. The information in the instruction manuals is also canon, unless contradicted by the games or mistranslated. Manuals are typically considered marketing and technical material, and thus are not always subject to the scrutiny of the creators of the game. Information from other official sources, such as Nintendo Power magazine and its Official Strategy Guides, may also be acceptable, though this is not acknowleged by all fans. Information from Zelda.com (and its Zelda Encyclopedia) is generally taken with a grain of salt, as the original web designer of the site's current layout was not knowledgeable regarding Zelda, and Miyamoto reportedly forced him to take down a timeline that had been uploaded there.
Here is a list of the Nintendo-published games in order of release, with the known information regarding their place in the timeline:
Some fans say that the chronology of the series should not be so rigid. Just as real-world legends are retold with different variations, each game could merely be a different retelling of the same story. With each advancement in videogame hardware and the ever-changing desires of the consumer, the basic core story of Link saving Zelda from Ganon and recovering the Triforce is embellished, modified, and changed outright. Just like any other legend, The Legend of Zelda changes as it is retold through the years.
In any case, the creators maintain that the series has a set timeline, but due to the poor translation protocols in the 1990s and the constant debate over what counts as "canonical" material, the publicly-available information is disputed, and may not be reconciled any time soon. Eiji Aonuma has since promised he will do his best to patch it all up and hopefully reveal the timeline someday, and Shigeru Miyamoto publicly stated there is a master document containing the timeline — although no proof of this document outside of Miyamoto's word has surfaced in the years since he made the claim.
Although some fans believe all Zelda games feature the same characters, and some adhere to a misquote suggesting that every single game features different characters, the official line is that there are numerous heroes named Link throughout Hyrule's history, and unless otherwise indicated, each adventure is that of a new protagonist. Some of the games are linked chronologically and take place in a clear continuity, while others do not. For example, the Link in A Link to the Past is clearly not the same Link who donned The Minish Cap. On the other hand, Majora's Mask directly states that the Link character is the same one from Ocarina of Time. Also, there was some indication in Nintendo Power that the Link in Link's Awakening was the same Link who defeated Ganon in A Link to the Past, and this connection is considered concrete by many fans. Eiji Aonuma confirmed that every time a new evil plagues the land of a Hyrule, a new hero must rise up to confront it. But those who refuse to take his word for it may consider that several of the games reference other "Links", such as The Wind Waker referring to the Hero of Time.
Link never speaks in any Zelda game, though he produces grunts, yells, and other such sounds, and some of his thoughts may have been revealed in Zelda II. In some cases the player must answer a question with a choice from a list, though no voice acting accompanies these instances. However, in 2002, Link broke the silence by speaking his first discernible words in The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker. When it was released in the English-speaking world in 2003, the phrase was “Come on!”. Besides these rarities, the hero never has a spoken line. This is because the name of the hero, Link, was given by creator Shigeru Miyamoto to emphasize the "link" between character and human player; giving him lines would be putting words in the player's mouth, or distinguishing Link as separate from him/her. In fact, although the character's accepted name is Link, the player can name the hero in each game and characters will address him by that name in the text.
In recent years, with the advancement of technology, the creators have given Link more personality and character. The Wind Waker and Twilight Princess put special emphasis on Link's facial expressions as he reacts to certain circumstances. Clever fans have also noted how Link's face increasingly resembles Shigeru Miyamoto himself in each successive game. Sometimes the hero will bear a special title, such as "Hero of Time" or "Hero of Winds". Though usually a boy, Link has also been portrayed as an adolescent and a young man.
The Legend of Zelda was made into an animated cartoon as a "show within a show" in the semi-live-action Super Mario Bros. Super Show TV series produced by DiC. The animated Zelda shorts were aired each Friday instead of the usual Super Mario Bros. cartoon that aired during the rest of the week. The series loosely followed the NES Zelda games, mixing settings and characters from those games with original creations. Due to the Super Show's syndicated nature, only 13 animated Zelda shorts were featured within the show's entire 65-episode run. In this version of the Legend, Link and Zelda battled Ganon on a daily basis while keeping Hyrule safe.
Although the series was created to attract fans of the games, like many Nintendo spin-offs it was poorly received by its intended audience, perhaps due to its simplistic plotlines and shallow characters. Link, in particular, is portrayed as a rude, lovesick teenager, contrary to the quiet presence displayed by his game character. As the game shows him as a left-handed person, he is right-handed in the cartoon.
After the cancellation of The Super Mario Bros. Super Show, the DiC incarnations of Link and Zelda appeared in various episodes of The Game Master during the second season of the show, where they helped Captain N and his friends fight the evil Mother Brain.
Some of the cartoons used to be able to be viewed on Yahooligans!, and a few episodes were released on three DVDs, Mario's Greatest Movie Moments!, Havoc in Hyrule and Ganon's Evil Tower. Shout! Factory later released a compilation DVD set of the entire Zelda cartoon series in October 2005.
The Legend of Zelda (Zelda no Densetsu) Mangas are created by two female manga artists known as "Akira Himekawa". Their best-known manga is the Ocarina of Time adaptation, which is split into two parts, the Child Saga and the Adult Saga, plus three bonus chapters (one extra adult, and a two-chapter child part), published in two volumes. They have also created mangas based on other Legend of Zelda games: Majora's Mask, the Oracle Series (Oracle of Seasons and Oracle of Ages, one volume each, as part of a continuing story), Four Swords Plus (based on the game known as Four Swords Adventures outside of Japan) and Triforce of the Gods (from the game Americans know as A Link to the Past). There was mention of a Minish Cap manga in the "insert" version of the Triforce of the Gods manga, but it is not currently for sale yet.
There was also a The Legend of Zelda: A Link to Past comic created for Nintendo Power magazine by acclaimed manga author Shotaro Ishinomori. Loosely based on the game, this telling portrayed Link's parents as Knights of Hyrule, lost to the Dark World. It also included other -original characters such as Link's fairy guide and companion, Epheremelda (long before this concept was introduced to the series); and Roam, a descendant of the Knights of Hyrule who fought in the Imprisoning War. (Roam bears a striking resemblance to 002 from Ishinomori's first successful creation, Cyborg 009.) In addition, it included the first depiction of Ganon in his human form, Ganondorf (as seen in a flashback), albeit quite different from his human appearance in Ocarina of Time and later games. The comic ran as a serial in NP starting in January 1992 (Volume 32) and ran in 12 parts. It was later collected in graphic novel form.
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