In medicine, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an inflammatory state of the whole body (the "system") without a proven source of infection. It is serious medical condition.

Definition of SIRS

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SIRS can be diagnosed when two or more of the following are presentIrwin RS, Cerra FB, Rippe JM. Irwin and Rippe's Intensive Care Medicine. 5th Ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Hagerstown, MD. 2003. ISBN 0-7817-1425-7. Publisher's information on the book.Marino PL. The ICU Book. 2nd Ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Hagerstown, MD. 1998. ISBN 0-6830-5565-8. Publisher's information on the book.Sharma S, Steven M. Septic Shock. eMedicine.com, URL: http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic2101.htm Accessed on Nov 20, 2005.Tslotou AG, Sakorafas GH, Anagnostopoulos G, Bramis J. Septic shock; current pathogenetic concepts from a clinical perspective. Med Sci Monit. 2005 Mar;11(3):RA76-85. PMID 15735579. Full Text.:

• Heart rate > 90 beats per minute
• Body temperature < 36 or > 38°C
• Hyperventilation (high respiratory rate) > 20 breaths per minute or, on blood gas, a P_aCO₂ less than 32 mm Hg
• White blood cell count < 4000 cells/mm³ or > 12000 cells/mm³ (< 4 x 10⁹ or > 12 x 10⁹ cells/L), or the presence of greater than 10% immature neutrophils.

Difference between SIRS and sepsis

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SIRS with a confirmed infection, proven through a positive blood culture or tissue sample positive for pathogenic organisms,Stedman's Medical Dictionary Lookup. URL: http://www.emedicine.com/asp/dictionary.asp?exact=Y&keyword=sepsis. Accessed on March 17, 2006. is called sepsis.

Simply stated:

SIRS + proof of infection = sepsis

Complications of SIRS

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SIRS can result in the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Causes of SIRS

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• Severe trauma
• Surgery, complication of
• Burns
• Acute pancreatitis
• Immunodeficiency (such as AIDSSanthanam S, Tolan RW. Sepsis. eMedicine.com, URL: http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic3033.htm Accessed on Mar 12, 2006.)

Relation to cytokine storm

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SIRS can be considered to be a subset of cytokine storm, a general term (not commonly used in clinical medicine) for cytokine dysregulation.

See also

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• Sepsis
• Shock
• Septic shock

References

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Textbooks

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• Intensive Care Medicine by Irwin and Rippe
• The ICU Book by Marino
• Cecil Textbook of Medicine
• The Oxford Textbook of Medicine
• Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

External link

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• Bacteremia and Septic Shock (Merck Manual) - explains the usage of the terms bacteremia, septic shock, sepsis and septicemia.

Intensive care medicine | Immunology | Causes of death

Systemisches inflammatorisches Response-Syndrom | Hội chứng đáp ứng viêm hệ thống