In politics a subject is a person who is subordinate to the rule of a monarch or state (example: British subject). Compare with citizen.
In philosophy, a subject is a being which has experiences or a relationship with another entity (or "object"). Hence the word subjective. See subject (philosophy).
In criminal prodecure, a subject is a person being investigated or falling within the scope of an investigation. This contrasts with a target which is a term used when a grand jury determines that there is enough evidence to indict said person.
In literature and art, subject is the content of a piece or work, as opposed to the structure or techniques.