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Subaru
 

Subaru (In katakana: スバル), a Japanese car company, is a division of Fuji Heavy Industries (FHI).

"Subaru" is the Japanese word for "unite" and for the star cluster Pleiades that is depicted in the company logo. The Pleiades (also known as the Seven Sisters) has seven stars visible to the naked eye. The Subaru logo's six stars represent the five companies that came together after World War II to form one large company. While an automotive minnow compared to many of its competitors, Subaru has been a highly profitable company for many years. It is noted for the production of conventional-bodied cars with full-time AWD (in fact, in many markets its entire product range has this feature) and its use of the horizontally-opposed engine.

It is currently an affiliate of Toyota Motor Corporation, with them owning 8.7% of FHI. They acquired that stake from General Motors, who bought 20% of FHI in 1999 to have an extended presence in international markets, and collaborate technologically with FHI. Before that, the stake owned by GM was owned by Nissan, who acquired the stake around the mid-1980s in order to utilize FHI's bus manufacturing capability. In turn, many Subaru vehicles, even today, use parts from the Nissan manufacturing keiretsu. In fact, it was Subaru that introduced Renault to Nissan when they asked for assistance in all-wheel drive (AWD) technology, when FHI told Renault to discuss their plans with Nissan, the discussions eventually led to the successful Renault-Nissan alliance.

Subaru's best-known vehicles are high performance turbocharged versions of its Legacy (known as Liberty in Australia—it was renamed out of respect for the Legacy Australia Foundation, which aids veterans and their families during and after wars), and Impreza, which offer outstanding performance and handling at relatively affordable prices. Modified versions of the Impreza WRX and WRX STi have been competing successfully in car rallies and the World Rally Championship for many years (World Champion drivers include: Colin McRae, Richard Burns and Petter Solberg). Several endurance records were set in the early and mid-nineties by the Legacy.

Popular nicknames (especially among owners) for the Subaru brand name are "Scooby" and "Scooby-Doo" in the UK, and "Subie" in the U.S. The Impreza WRX model is often referred to as the "Rex."

History

Subaru started out as "The Aircraft Research Laboratory" in 1917 headed by Chikuhei Nakajima. Then in 1931, the company was reorganized as "Nakajima Aircraft Co., Ltd". At the end of the Second World War, Nakajima Aircraft was again reorganized, this time as Fuji Sangyo Co, Ltd. In 1946, Fuji Sangyo created its first Rabbit motor scooter with spare aircraft parts from the war. In 1950, Fuji Sangyo was divided into 12 smaller corporations according to the 1950 Corporate Credit Rearrangement Act, but between 1953-1955, four of these corporations and a newly formed corporation formed by an alliance of the four aforementioned companies were again merged together to form the Fuji Heavy Industries we know today.

From 1954 to 1989 the company designed and manufactured dozens of vehicles including the P1 (1954), the 360 (1958), the Sambar (1961), the 1000 (1965), the 1100 and the R2 (1969), the Leone (1971, 1975 and 1977), the Domingo (1983), the Alcyone (1985) and the Legacy (1989).

In the United States, the Subaru attracted a following among the young and educated, and as a lightweight SUV alternative to the likes of the Ford Bronco and Jeep Wagoneer or even the expensive Volvo. It has historically been popular in US regions such as the Pacific Northwest and Vermont, with relatively high resale values and owner loyalty rates. However, facing pressure from competition from the large Japanese brands, Subaru would switch to marketing only AWD cars and wagons. The Subaru Legacy wagon, modified with SUV-like stance and roof, became the best selling wagon in the US during the 2000s as many other wagon body styles declined and vanished.

In the 1990s the company moved away from small commercial vehicles and concentrated on the development of rally car models including the controversially styled six-cylinder SVX (1991), the Vivio and the Impreza (1992). With the rise of rally racing, and the Import scene in the US, the introduction of the Impreza WRX was successful in introducing a new class of compact muscle cars, with the WRX accounting for a majority of Impreza (and Subaru's) sales by the 2000s. It was followed by similar turbo and / or AWD performance cars by other makes such as the Mitsubishi Evolution and later the 2 wheel drive Dodge Neon SRT-4. In 1995 the company created the Sambar EV electric van. In 1997 the Forester was introduced to the world market, followed by a new design of the Legacy vehicle (1998)

Toyota announced a contract with Japanese rival Subaru on March 13, 2006. The under-used Subaru of Indiana Automotive plant in Lafayette will hire up to 1,000 workers and set aside an assembly line for Camry, beginning in spring 2007.General Motors was a 20% minority shareholder of Fuji Heavy from 1999 until 2005 when they sold 8.7% to Toyota and put the rest on the open market.

As of October 5, 2005, Toyota stated that it will purchase 8.7% of the shares of FHI from General Motors. In addition, GM announced that it will eventually sever all ties with FHI, the parent company of Subaru. FHI has also stated that there have been 27 million shares (worth 3.4% of its stock) acquired before the start of trading by an unknown party on October 6. It is speculated that a bank or perhaps another automaker was behind it. *

From 1995 to 2000, Subaru ran a series of advertisements for the Subaru Outback which starred Paul Hogan. The advertisements were intended to highlight Subaru's all wheel drive, and depicted the Outback in a number of rugged Australian locations. The tagline "the world's first sport utility wagon" was successfully used by Subaru, though the AMC Eagle had tried much the same idea, with less success in the 1980s.

Cultural references

  • Dr. Demento played a song "Making Love in a Subaru", probably referring to the tiny Subaru 360 from the early 1960s.

  • It was also mentioned in Blondie's song "Rapture"

  • Also mentioned repeatedly in the Bloodhound Gang song titled "Pennsylvania" from the album Hefty Fine.

  • In the television series "The L Word", lesbian tennis player Dana Fairbanks is sponsored by Subaru.

  • The 2005 movie "Hoodwinked" features a blue sports car with an oversized hood scoop, both distinctive characteristics of the WRX rally cars.

  • In Washington state parks, the small Subaru 360 based trucks were referred to as Ranger Rick and his "Tonka" truck.

Present models

All present non-keicar models of Subaru are AWD vehicles.

Past models

See also

External links

All wheel drive vehicles | Car manufacturers | Subaru | Toyota

Subaru | Subaru | Subaru | Subaru | Subaru (azienda) | סובארו | Subaru | 富士重工業 | Subaru | Subaru | Subaru | Субару | Subaru | Subaru | Subaru

 

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the "Subaru".

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