Speyer

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Speyer

Speyer (English formerly Spires) is a city in Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) with approx. 50000 inhabitants, located on the Rhine river. It lies 25 km south of Ludwigshafen and Mannheim. Its oldest known name was Civitas Nemetum, named by a Teutonic tribe, the Nemeter, settling in this area. Around the year 500 the town gets the name Spira, named after the stream Speyerbach which estuary in the Rhine river is here.

History

Archaeological data suggests that the site of the city was originally inhabited by Celts around 500 BC. Under the Romans the city was known as Augusto Nemetum and during the Middle Ages it was a place of considerable importance, 29 imperial diets having been held within its walls.

In 10 BC, the first Roman military camp is established (situated between the city hall and the episcopal palace).
In 346 a bishop for the town is mentioned for the first time.
In 496 or 506 the name "Spira" first occurs. (see Spira (family name))
In 1030, emperor Conrad II starts the construction of Speyer Cathedral, today one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
In 1076, emperor Henry IV embarks from Speyer, his favourite town, for Canossa.
In 1096, during the First Crusade, the Jewish community of Speyer was massacred.
In 1294 the bishop lost most of his previous rights, and from now on Speyer is a free city of the Holy Roman Empire.
Between 1527 and 1689 Speyer is the seat of the Imperial Chamber Court (Reichskammergericht).
In 1526 at the First Diet of Speyer, interim toleration of Lutheran teaching and worship is decreed.
In 1529 at the Second Diet of Speyer, the Lutheran states of the empire protested against the anti-Reformation resolutions (hence the term Protestantism.)
In 1689, the city is heavily damaged by French troops.
Between 1792 and 1814 Speyer is under French jurisdiction.
In 1816 Speyer becomes the seat of administration of the Palatinate and of the government of the Rhine District of Bavaria (later called the Bavarian Palatinate), and remains so until the end of World War Two.
Between 1883 and 1904 the Memorial Church is built in remembrance of the Protestation of 1529.
In 1947 the State Academy of Administrative Science is founded (later renamed German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer).
1990 2000th anniversary of Speyer.

Famous citizens

Spira (family name)
Johann Joachim Becher (1635-1682)
Anselm Feuerbach (1829-1880)
Karl Haas (1915-2005)
Henry Villard (1835-1900)
Hans Purrmann (1880-1966)
Christoph Bechmann (1971)

External links

speyer.de the city website (partly in English)
museum.speyer.de Historical Museum of the Palatinate (in English)
dom-speyer.de website of Speyer Cathedral (in German)
Model Map of Medieval Speyer

Towns in Rhineland-Palatinate | Historic Jewish communities

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History

Famous citizens

External links