Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives

In New Zealand The Speaker of the House of Representatives is the individual who chairs the country's legislative body, the New Zealand House of Representatives (often incorrectly referred to as 'Parliament'). The Speaker fulfills a number of important functions in relation to the operation the House, much of which is based upon the British Westminster Parliamentary system.

Role

In the Debating Chamber

The Speaker's most visible role is that of presiding over the House when in session. This involves overseeing the order in which business is conducted, and determining who should speak at what time. The Speaker is also responsible for granting or declining requests for certain events, such as a snap debate on a particular issue. An important part of the Speaker's role is ruling on matters of procedure known as 'Points of order' based on Standing Orders and previously made Speaker's Rulings. This has a large bearing on the smooth running of each parliamentary session. Included in these rules are certain powers available to the Speaker to ensure reasonable behaviour by MPs, including the ability to remove disruptive MPs from the debating chamber. The Speaker presides over the business of Parliament from the elevated 'Speaker's Chair' behind The Table in the debating chamber.

Outside the Debating Chamber

The Speaker is also responsible for administering the upkeep and security of the buildings and grounds of Parliament (including the Beehive, Bowen House and the Parliamentary Library building). These duties are mainly fulfilled through presiding over select committees, including the Standing Orders Committee, the Business Committee, and The Officers of Parliament Committee. The Speaker also chairs the Parliamentary Service Commission. The Speaker also has some other statutory responsibilities.

The Speaker is third in the New Zealand order of precedence behind the Governor-General and the Prime Minister.

Neutrality

The Speaker is expected to conduct the functions of the office in a neutral manner, even though the Speaker is generally a member of the governing party. Only three people have held the office despite not being from the governing party. In 1923, Charles Statham (an independent, but formerly a member of the Reform Party) was backed by Reform so as not to endanger the party's slim majority, and later retained his position under the Liberal Party. In 1993, Peter Tapsell (a member of the Labour Party) was backed by the National Party for the same reason. Bill Barnard, who had been elected Speaker in 1936, resigned from the Labour Party in 1940 but managed to retain his position.

Historically, a Speaker lost the right to cast a vote, except when both sides were equally balanced. Now, however, the Speaker votes in the same way that any other MP does. In the past, the Speaker's lack of a vote created problems for a governing party - when the party's majority was small, the loss of the Speaker's vote could be problematic.

Election of the Speaker

The Speaker is always a Member of Parliament, and is elected by the House at the beginning of a parliamentary term. By convention, the Speaker is elected unopposed - any party able to form a government is presumably able to have its candidate installed as Speaker whether there is opposition or not. Recently this has not been the case. In March 2005 several MPs challenged for the Speakership following the resignation of Rt.Hon.Jonathan Hunt.

Holders of the office

The current Speaker is Margaret Wilson, a member of the Labour Party, which is the dominant party in the governing Labour/Progressive coalition. There are also a Deputy Speaker (Clem Simich, National) and two Assistant Speakers (Ross Robertson, Labour, and Ann Hartley, Labour).

Twenty-six people have held the office of Speaker since the creation of Parliament. Two people have held the office on more than one occasion. A full list of Speakers is below.

	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Speaker's Party	Governing Party
1	Charles Clifford	1854	1860	None	None
2	David Monro	1861	1870	None	None
3	Dillon Bell	1871	1875	None	None
4	William Fitzherbert	1876	1879	None	None
5	George O'Rorke	1879	1890	None	None
6	William Steward	1891	1893	Liberal	Liberal
7	George O'Rorke, 2nd time	1894	1902	Liberal	Liberal
8	Arthur Guinness	1903	1913	Liberal	Liberal
9	Frederic Lang	1913	1922	Reform	Reform
10	Charles Statham	1923	1928	None	Reform
	Charles Statham, continued	1928	1935	None	Liberal
11	Bill Barnard	1936	1940	Labour	Labour
	Bill Barnard, continued	1940	1943	Democratic Labour	Labour
12	Frederick Schramm	1944	1946	Labour	Labour
13	Robert McKeen	1947	1950	Labour	Labour
14	Mathew Oram	1950	1957	National	National
15	Robert Macfarlane	1958	1960	Labour	Labour
16	Ronald Algie	1961	1966	National	National
17	Roy Jack	1967	1972	National	National
18	Alfred Allen	1972	1972	National	National
19	Stanley Whitehead	1973	1976	Labour	Labour
	Roy Jack, 2nd time	1976	1977	National	National
20	Richard Harrison	1978	1984	National	National
21	Basil Arthur	1984	1985	Labour	Labour
22	Gerard Wall	1985	1987	Labour	Labour
23	Kerry Burke	1987	1990	Labour	Labour
24	Robin Gray	1990	1993	National	National
25	Peter Tapsell	1993	1996	Labour	National
26	Doug Kidd	1996	1999	National	National (in coalition)
27	Jonathan Hunt	1999	2005	Labour	Labour (in coalition)
28	Margaret Wilson	2005	(present)	Labour	Labour (in coalition)

External links

Constitution of New Zealand | Lists of members of parliament | Legislative Speakers

Gourt Home::Gourt :: Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives