The Smurfs (les Schtroumpfs in French) are a fictional group of small sky blue creatures who live somewhere in the forests of Europe. The Belgian cartoonist Peyo introduced smurfs to the world, but English-speakers perhaps know them best through the animated television series from Hanna-Barbera Productions, The Smurfs.
On October 23, 1958, Peyo introduced a new set of characters to the "Johan & Pirlouit" story. This alone caused no great excitement, as the brave duo constantly encountered strange new people and places. This time, they had the mission of recovering a Magic Flute, which required some sorcery by the wizard Homnibus. And in this manner, they met a schtroumpf. The figures soon proved to be a huge success and the first independent smurf stories appeared in Spirou in 1959, together with the first merchandising.
The word Schtroumpf sounds like the German word Strumpf which means sock. So it is possible the name is related to the sock-like hat they wear. Apart from this superficial similarity, there is no evidence for this or of Peyo even knowing the word Strumpf. In Germany they are called Schlümpfe which sounds simliar to Strümpfe (the word for multiple socks).
According to several interviews with Peyo, his own preference went to his "Johan & Pirlouit" series, and he sometimes expressed exasperation with the overbearing success of the smurfs.
Many books contained more than one adventure. The first book, "Les Schtroumpfs noirs", for instance, had three stories.
Album titles follows, including the year of first original French publishing in hardcover in the regular series. The order and number of titles is different in other languages, and spin-off series have been created as well. After album 16, and Peyo's death, the albums have been published without his supervision.
However, in 1976, La Flûte à six schtroumpfs (an adaptation of the original "Johan and Peewit" story) was released. Michel Legrand provided the musical score to the film. The film would in 1983 be released in the United States in an English language dubbed version, produced by Stuart R. Ross in association with First Performance Pictures Corp, and titled The Smurfs and the Magic Flute. The film was distributed theatrically in North America by Atlantic Relaeasing Corp., on VHS by Vestron and syndicated on television by Tribune Entertainment. A few more long smurf movies were made, most notably The Baby Smurf.
A 2008 CGI film is also in the works, the first part of an announced trilogy by Paramount Pictures.
The Smurfs secured their place in North American pop culture in 1980, when the Saturday-morning cartoon, The Smurfs, produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, finally debuted on NBC from 1981 to 1990. The show became a major success for NBC, spawning spin-off television specials on an almost yearly basis. The Smurfs was nominated multiple times for Daytime Emmy awards, and won Outstanding Children's Entertainment Series in 1982–1983. Parts of Modeste Mussorgsky's 1874 classical musical composition, Pictures at an Exhibition (Gnomus, Tuileries, Gargamel's theme variation about 1.5 minutes in, and a scene segue part about 10 minutes in), are used in the cartoon *. The series currently airs in reruns on Boomerang, and 26 selected episodes were aired in DiC Entertainment's syndicated programming blocks. The series is still being shown regularly on many channels throughout the world. The cartoon was formerly distributed by Television Program Enterprises (the later name of Rysher Entertainment) and WorldVision Enterprises, Inc. by having some episodes with those company names. The cartoon is now distributed by Warner Bros. Television.
In addition to the Mussorgsky piece mentioned above, The Smurfs was noted for its frequent use of what is commonly known as "classical music" as background music or themes for particular events. (The repertoire included music from the classical period, as well as other eras in European art and music).
Notable works found in the Smurfs include: [http://www.astrostreasurechest.net/websmurfclub/faq.htm
Neither Convict Smurf nor Spy Smurf ever appeared in the animated television series, although both spy smurfs and convicted Smurfs played a minor role in the original second issue of the comic, "Le Schtroumpfissime" ("King Smurf"). In this story, Papa Smurf leaves the village and a clever smurf (Brainy in the cartoon) manages to gain power by winning an election through exaggerated election promises, and later turns into a dictator-type king. Jokey Smurf is arrested for having a bomb explode in the megalomaniacal dictator smurf's face and is thrown in jail with the Sing-Sing-type striped outfit. Later, the Spy Smurfs manage to liberate the political prisoner, while Brainy Smurf gets captured in the process. A running gag through the comic is that no-one is interested in liberating Brainy Smurf.
For a while advertisers used Smurfs to promote Renault, National Benzole, and BP garages and—in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand at least—the figurines were given away when petrol (gasoline) was purchased.
A scare story that claimed Smurf figurines used leaded paint circulated in Britain in the 1970s, leading Jonathan King to release a single, "Lick a Smurp for Christmas (All Fall Down)" under the name of Father Abraphart and the Smurps. This was a parody of "The Smurf Song" by Father Abraham and the Smurfs, a worldwide hit single. The lead paint scare was brought about by a group of people in the marketing department of National Benzole who decided to outsource some smurf figurines to be made in Hong Kong instead of Europe, just four or five different lines. It was later discovered that these had been produced without adhering to the necessary quality standards so they were deemed possibly unsafe. Paint dots were then introduced on the feet of PVC figurines so that they could identify the ones with paint dots as having passed quality control tests and they were also given different colors according to the different countries they were produced in. An article in The Times dated 4 October 1978 said that tests by the Department of Health showed there was no significant risk, so National Benzole then resumed sales of smurf figures from garage forecourts within the UK.
Many people do not realise that the Smurf figurines given away with the petrol promotions actually still continue in production today. The popularity of the smurfs in countries such as Belgium and Germany has never waned, and Smurf collecting has become a growing hobby worldwide, with 400 different figures produced so far. New Smurf figures continue to appear: in fact, only in two years since 1969 (1991 and 1998) have no new smurfs entered the market. Schleich's release of 2005 Smurfs sees a return to the "classic" smurf characters, with new figurines of Papa, Smurfette, Grouchy, Brainy, Vanity, Jokey, Harmony, and Baby Smurf, while the 2006 series consists of Halloween and horror characters.
Kings Island At Kings Island in Cincinatti, Ohio, The Smurfs' Enchanted Voyage opened in 1984. It was similar to Disney's "It's is A Small World." People would ride in boat around the world of the Smurfs celebrating the seasons of Winter, Fall, Summer, and Spring. It was removed during the 1991 season.
Kings Dominion The earlier Land of the Dooz Mine Train attraction became Smurf Mountain. It was eventually closed to make room for the popular Volcano: The Blast Coaster.
Great America Opening in 1987, Smurf Woods features a pint-sized steel coaster, The Blue Streak (now called Rugrats™ Runaway Reptar™).
Carowinds In 1984, Carowinds added Smurf Island, which was a children’s play area located on the 1.3-acre island surrounded by the Carolina Sternwheeler. Access to Smurf Island was gained in one of two ways – across the Carolina Sternwheeler and a ramp built on the island side of the boat, or on diesel-powered “Smurf Boats” launched from the area beside Harmony Hall. Children could enjoy two ball crawls and a climbing area complete with ropes, cargo nets, wood platforms, a rope tunnel and a 60-foot tubular slide. Smurf characters roamed the island and led guests to the hidden Smurf village with four Smurf houses that children could enter.
Canada's Wonderland At Canada's Wonderland near Toronto, Smurf Forest opened in 1984. It was a walk-through attraction that had previously been Yogi's Forest since the park opened in 1981. Smurf Forest closed in the early 1990's and became an arcade, before being converted into a Candy Store during the 1998 Kidzville make-over.
The death of Peyo in his hometown of Brussels in late December 1992 did not stop the Smurfs comics, as a studio of specialist cartoonists was already in place and continued to write and draw more of the adventures.
With the commercial success of The Smurf empire came the merchandising empire of Smurf miniatures, models, games, and toys. Entire collecting clubs devote themselves to collecting PVC toys.
Paramount Pictures has announced it plans to begin a trilogy of 3D computer animated Smurfs films, the first to be released in 2008 through its Nickelodeon Films banner. The project had been in various stages of development since 2003. The first new Smurf movie is planned to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the Smurfs.
The Smurfs have appeared in video games made for most major game consoles (including Nintendo's NES, Super NES, and Game Boy systems; Atari, Colecovision, Sega's Game Gear, Master System, and Mega Drive systems; and the original Sony Playstation) and for the PC.
In 2005, an advertisement featuring The Smurfs was aired in Belgium in which the smurf village is annihilated by warplanes *. Designed as a UNICEF advertisement, and with the approval of the family of the Smurfs' late creator Peyo, the 25-second episode was shown on the national evening news after the 9pm timeslot to avoid children seeing it. The scene starts with happy peaceful Smurfs and butterflies, who are then bombed by warplanes, ending with a lone Baby Smurf surrounded by prone (presumably dead) Smurfs. The final frame bears the message: "Don't let war affect the lives of children." It was the keystone in a fund-raising campaign by UNICEF's Belgian arm to raise €100,000 for the rehabilitation of former child soldiers in Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo—both former Belgian colonies. The episode was controversial with some children, parents, and concerned citizens. UNICEF spokesman Philippe Henon had stated that 70% of all feedback was positive.
The rumors spread like wildfire through Latin America, where people went so far as to claim that small, demon-like Smurfs propagated through their recorded albums and attacked those who would play their music. This was very much in tune with the prevalent belief of the 1980s of satanic propagation through recorded music, as many rock bands made open references to satanism in their work.
Shortly thereafter in the United States, various Christian groups also began to label the Smurfs as satanic, due to the allegedly positive light in which their activities portrayed the use of magic and sorcery.
It is now argued by some that Peyo meant to spread communist ideas through smurf cartoons. * S.M.U.R.F. is translated by supporters of this theory as "Socialist Men Under Red Father" or "Soviet Men Under Red Father" (though this disregards the Smurfs' original name, "Schtroumpfs"). The Red Father in the cartoon is Papa Smurf, who wears a red hat and trousers. It is also noted that Papa Smurf might be a representation of Karl Marx because of his similar looking beard.
An analysis of the symbolism of the smurfs also can point to that theory. Smurfs live in a village with rules similar to that of a communist society including sharing of everything by everyone, absence of currency, equality (symbolized by similar clothing), everyone serving a functional and necessary purpose in the community, etc. Gargamel is said to represent capitalism with particular emphasis being made on his greediness, especially his will to transform the smurfs into gold.
The male Smurfs almost never appear without their hats, which leaves a mystery amongst the fans as to whether they have hair or not. There is evidence from a canonical source, that they may be bald: one episode of the Hanna-Barbera cartoon has Greedy Smurf removing his chef's hat to give Papa Smurf a pie he had concealed under it, revealing a bald head. Another episode, St. Smurf and the Dragon, shows Hefty Smurf's hat rising up off his bald head briefly as he and others slide to a stop. Though both Papa Smurf and Grandpa Smurf have full beards and hair visibly coming from under their hats above the earline, it is not known if this covers their entire head. The last page of first album The Black Smurfs shows Papa Smurf's hat blown off by an explosion, revealing his completely bald head.
The smurfs fulfill simple archetypes of everyday people: Lazy Smurf, Grouchy Smurf, Brainy Smurf, and so on. All smurfs but Papa, Baby, Nanny and Grandpa are said to be 100 years old, and there are normally 100 smurfs (but this number increases as new smurf characters appear: smurflings, Nanny, etc).
For a list of specific smurfs see Characters in the Smurfs.
So that the viewer is able to understand the Smurfs, only some words (or a portion of the word) will be replaced with the word "smurf". Context offers a reliable understanding of this speech pattern, but common vocabulary includes remarking that something is "just smurfy" or "smurftastic".
The Smurfs even made war among themselves about the use of the smurf word: whether to use it as a verb or as a noun. This story is considered as a parody on the taalstrijd (language war) between French and Dutch speaking communities, still present in Belgium.
It is not possible for a human to find the smurf village except when led by a smurf.
Animated television series | Children's television series | Comics characters | Fictional species | Fictional dwarves | Hanna-Barbera and Cartoon Network Studios series and characters | NBC network shows | 1980s TV shows in the United States | Toys of the 1980s | Smurfs
Les Schtroumpfs | سنفور | Štrumpfovi | Šmoulové | Smølferne | Die Schlümpfe | Pitufo | Smurfo (fikcia universo) | Les Schtroumpfs | Pitufo | Štrumpfovi | Smurf | Strumparnir | I Puffi | הדרדסים | Hupikék törpikék | Smurf | スマーフ | Smerfy | Os Smurfs | The Smurfs | Šmolkavia | Smurffit | Smurferna | Şirinler | 蓝精灵
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