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The Severians or Severyans or Siverians were a tribe or tribal union of Early East Slavs occupying areas to the east of the middle Dnieper river around the rivers Desna, Sejm and Sula on the territory of the archaelogical Romny culture.
Etymology
The Etymology of the name of Severians is controversial. Though it is similar to the Russian word for "north" (sěver), the severians never were the northiest tribe of Slavs. More probable is that the name is of Iranian (sarmathian tribe of "Seuer", from Iranian "seu" = black) or Turkic origin (a part of Huns). Alternatively, the name may be derived from a Proto-Slavic word for "family member".
The modern names are Сiверяни in Ukrainian and Северяне in Russian.
Geography
Their neighbours were the tribes of Viatich and Radimich in the north, and the Derevlian and Polian tribes in the west. The eastern and southern borders of the tribe's habitat were never permanent and would sometimes reach the upper reaches of the Seversky Donets.
History
Their existence as a political unit can be proven for the 8th to 11th century and thought to be sprang from the Krivichi. They had to pay tribute to the Khazars in the 8th and 9th century, were annexed by Oleg of Novgorod to the Kiev state together with the Polans in the late 9th century, and participated in Oleg's campaign of the Rus' to Constantinople in 907. Finally they became part of the Grand Principality of Chernigov. The last reference to them stems from 1024. For subsequent history of the region, see Severia (whose name is derived from "Severians").
They are mentioned especially by Geographus Bavarus (9th century, "Zeriuani"), by Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos, by the khazar khagan Joseph (c. 960) and by the Primary Chronicle.
The principal cities of the Severians were Chernigov (modern Chernihiv), Kursk, Novgorod-Seversky (modern Novhorod-Siverskyi) and others. Archaeologists also found numerous rural settlements of the 8th - 10th centuries, inhabited by the Severians, and burial mounds with cremated bodies. The Severians were mostly engaged in agriculture, cattle breeding and different handicrafts.
Part of the Severians also migrated to the south-west and settled in the areas of the southern Pannonian plain (the Banat region) and southern Carpathians. The Severin region of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary situated in south-eastern Banat was named after Severians. Another branch of Severians also settled in the territory of present-day north-eastern Bulgaria.
References
- Jovan M. Pejin; Iz prošlosti Kikinde; Kikinda; 2000.
- Istorijski atlas; Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva - Zavod za kartografiju "Geokarta"; Beograd; 1999.
- Školski istorijski atlas; treće izdanje; Zavod za izdavanje udžbenika Socijalističke Republike Srbije; Beograd; 1970.
Slavic tribes | History of Ukraine | History of Belarus | History of Russia | History of Serbia | History of Vojvodina | Banat | History of Romania | History of Bulgaria
"Severians"